1561

Kawanakajima.

Year 1561 was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events of 1561

• August 19 - Mary, Queen of Scots is denied passage through England after returning from France. She arrives at Leith, Scotland on August 19.
• October 18 - Fourth Battle of Kawanakajima -- Takeda Shingen defeats Uesugi Kenshin in the climax of their ongoing conflicts.

Saint Basil's Cathedral.

Undated

• The Edict of Orleans suspends the persecution of the Huguenots.
• The first Calvinists settle in England after fleeing Flanders.
• Madrid is declared the capital of Spain by Philip II.
• St. Paul's Cathedral in London is badly damaged by fire and the spire is destroyed after being struck by lightning.
• Ruy López develops modern techniques of chess playing in Spain.
• Sweden conquers Livonia (modern Estonia).
• Michelangelo Buonarroti finishes Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri in Rome.
• Saint Basil's Cathedral in Moscow is finished (started in 1534).
• Pensacola, the first European settlement in North America, and its support fleet were both destroyed by a hurricane. Two survivors managed to walk the long arduous journey to Mexico City. The city was not re-settled until 1698.
• Between 1561 and 1670 3229 witches are executed in southwestern Germany most by burning.

Births

• January 6 - Thomas Fincke, Danish mathematician and physicist (died 1656)
• January 22 - Sir Francis Bacon, English philosopher, scientist, and statesman (died 1626)
• July 11 - Luís de Góngora y Argote, Spanish poet (died 1627)
• July 17 - Jacopo Corsi, Italian composer (died 1602)
• August 20 - Jacopo Peri, Italian composer (died 1633)
• August 24 - Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Suffolk (died 1626)
• August 25 - Philippe van Lansberge, Dutch astronomer (died 1632)
• September 10 - Hernando Arias de Saavedra, Spanish colonial governor (died 1634)
• September 29 - Adriaan van Roomen, Belgian mathematician (died 1615)
• October 27 - Mary Sidney, English writer, patroness and translator (d. 1621)
• December 7 - Kikkawa Hiroie, Japanese politician (d. 1625)
• December 9 - Edwin Sandys, English founder of the colony of Virginia (died 1629)
• date unknown
  • John Harington, English writer (died 1612)
  • Samuel Harsnett, Archbishop of York (died 1631)
  • Stephen Bachiler, non-conformist minister and pioneer settler of New England (died 1656)

See also Category: 1561 births.

Deaths

• January 31 - Menno Simons, Anabaptist religious leader (born 1496)
• February 26 - Jorge de Montemayor, Spanish writer (born 1520)
• March 25 - Conrad Lycosthenes, humanist and encyclopedist (born 1518)
• May 16 - Jan Tarnowski, Polish nobleman (born 1488)
• July 19 - Henry Lauder, Lord St Germains, Lord Advocate of Scotland
• September 1 - Edward Waldegrave, English policitian and recusant
• October 27 - Lope de Aguirre, Basque rebel and conquistador (born 1510)
• date unknown
  • Luis de Milán, Spanish composer (born 1500)
  • Ijuin Tadaaki, Japanese nobleman (born 1520)
  • Hans Tausen, Danish reformer (born 1494)

See also Category: 1561 deaths.

Literature

• The Book of the Courtier (Il Cortegiano) is translated into English by Sir Thomas Hoby
• Poetices by Julius Caesar Scaliger
• Institution of the Christian Religion is translated into English by Thomas Norton
• Gabriele Fallopius publishes Observationes anatomicae (anatomical observations)af:1561

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