165

Events

By Story

Roman Empire

• A Roman military operation under Avidius Cassius is successful against Parthia, capturing Artaxata, Seleucia, and Ctesiphon. The Parthians sue for peace.
• A pandemic known as the Antonine Plague breaks out in Rome after the Roman army returns from Parthia. The plague significantly depopulates the empire.
• Legio II Italica is levied by Marcus Aurelius.
• The Romans establish a garrison at Doura Europos on the Euphrates, a control point for the commercial route to the Persian Gulf.
• Avidius Cassius takes Nisibis and conquers the north of Mesopotamia.
• Marcus Aurelius creates four legal districts (iuridici) in Italy (5 if Rome is included).

By Topic

Religion

• The philosopher Justin of Nablus is executed in Rome as a Christian.
• Discourse to the Greek (Oratio ad Graecos), by the Syrian Tatian, is the first treatise on the evils of paganism in Christian literature.

Births

• Macrinus, Roman emperor (approximate date)

Deaths

• Justin Martyr, early apologist for Christianity
• Claudius Ptolemaeus, Greek astronomer (approximate date)
• Empress Deng Mengnu, wife of Emperor Huan of Hanaf:165

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