- See also: Sports clubs established before 1850, 1850 in sports and the list of 'years in sports'.
Writing about cricket in particular, John Leach (2005a) has explained the role of Puritan power, the Civil War, and the Restoration of the monarchy in England. The Long Parliament in 1642 "banned theatres, which had met with Puritan disapproval. Although similar action would be taken against certain sports, it is not clear if cricket was in any way prohibited, except that players must not break the Sabbath." In 1660, "the Restoration of the monarchy in England was immediately followed by the reopening of the theatres and so any sanctions that had been imposed by the Puritans on cricket would also have been lifted."[1]
He goes on to make the very important point that political, social and economic conditions in the aftermath of the Restoration encouraged excessive gambling, so much so that a Gambling Act was necessary in 1664. It is certain that cricket, horse racing and boxing (i.e., prizefighting) were financed by gambling interests. Leach explains that it was the habit of cricket patrons, all of whom were gamblers, to form strong teams through the 18th century to represent their interests. He defines a strong team as one representative of more than one parish and he is certain that such teams were first assembled in or immediately after 1660. Prior to the English Civil War and the Commonwealth, all available evidence concludes that cricket had evolved to the level of village cricket only where teams that are strictly representative of individual parishes compete. The "strong teams" of the post-Restoration mark the evolution of cricket (and, indeed of professional team sport, for cricket is the oldest professional team sport) from the parish standard to the county standard. As he rightly says, this was the point of origin for major, or first-class, cricket.
1660 also marks the origin of professional team sport.
- 1781 - the Toxophilite Society is founded in Leicester Square, London. It later becomes the Royal Toxophilite Society in 1787 and then the Grand National Archery Society.
- 1791 - The broken window by-law in Pittsfield, Massachusetts prohibits "baseball" and other ballgames within 80 yards of the new meetinghouse, the earliest known reference to "baseball" in North America
- 1796 - "Ball mit Freystaten (oder das Englische Base-ball)" covered by German physical education instructor Johann C.F. Gutsmuths as one chapter in Spiele zur Uebung
- 1825 - "A baseball club, numbering nearly fifty members, met every afternoon during the ball playing season" in Rochester, New York, wrote Thurlow Weed in 1883 (Life of Thurlow Weed, vol. 1)
- 1833 - merger of the Olympic and Camden town ball clubs from Philadelphia and Camden, New Jersey, constituting the Olympic Ball Club of Philadelphia, often called the "Philadelphia Olympics". The constitution will be revised in 1837 and published in 1838. (Protoball #266)
- 1839 - legendary date of the invention of baseball by Abner Doubleday in Cooperstown, New York
- 1843 - semi-organized "New York Club" begins playing baseball at Elysian Fields in Hoboken, New Jersey, in place of Madison Square in Manhattan
- 1845 September 23 - formal organization of the Knickerbocker Base Ball Club or New York Knickerbockers, initiated by Alexander Joy Cartwright, including adoption of twenty rules, fourteen of which are the earliest known written rules of for playing baseball
- 1845 October 22 - New York Morning News publishes the first known box score for a base ball game, played at Elysian Fields in Hoboken
- 1846 June 19 - First match certainly played by the Knickerbocker rules, at Elysian Fields in Hoboken
- 1847 - Army of occupation plays baseball in Santa Barbara, California, alienating the local people (Protoball #377)
- 1848 - First publication of the Knickerbocker rules (Protoball #376)
- 1183 - First written account of a game resembling cricket, by Joseph of Exeter, but this is generally believed to be a spurious reference
- 1300March 10 - The Prince of Wales, age 15 or 16, played the unknown game creag at Newington in Kent[1]
- 1597 - First known written use of the word kreckett in English, referring to a game "played on a certain plot of land in Guildford around 1550"[1]
- 1610 - "Teams from the Weald and the Downs" played a game at Chevining in Kent[1]
- 1611-1637 - Eight various court cases concern cricket[1]
- 1660 - Start date for first-class cricket and a database of match results, under consideration by the Association of Cricket Statisticians & Historians[2]
- 1697July 7 - Foreign Post reports a "A Great Match in Sussex" played for fifty guineas, the first known proclamation of high status for a match and another milestone in first-class cricket.[1]
- 1709June 29 - Kent v Surrey, the first match played between teams named for English counties
- 1721 - Mariners of the "John Company" reported playing at Cambay, India[1]
- 1744 - First codification of the Laws of Cricket, by the Star and Garter club of Pall Mall (London)
- c.1765 - Believed to be the founding date of Hambledon Cricket Club
- 1772 - Detailed scorecards become commonplace by this time[3]
- 1787May 21 - Opening of Lord's Cricket Ground at Dorset Fields in Marylebone (London) for the White Conduit Club v Middlesex[4]
- 1787 - Marylebone Cricket Club established near Lord's, chiefly by WCC members[4]
- 1830s - Croquet is believed to have been invented in Ireland
- 2nd century BC - tsu chu" (蹴鞠 or 蹴踘) begins to be played in China
- 600 - Kemari begins to be played in Kyoto
- 1314 - Edward II of England bans football in London
- 1349 - Edward III of England bans football, favouring archery
- 1424 - James I of Scotland bans 'fute-ball' in the Football Act 1424
- 16th Century - Calcio Fiorentino begins in Florence
- 1526 - Henry VIII of England orders the first known purpose made football boots
- 1602 - Richard Carew describes the game of "hurling to goals" played in Eastern Cornwall, in his "Survey of Cornwall". The game has the earliest described rules requiring equal numbers, no playing of the ball on the ground, and banning the forward pass, with similarities to the modern game of Rugby football. [1]
- 1823 - traditional invention of rugby by William Webb Ellis
- 1848 - the Cambridge Rules, first standardised rules for football in England, drawn up by a committee that included H. de Winton and J. C. Thring, who had introduced football at Cambridge University in 1846
-
-
Polo
Rowing
Notes
- ^ a b c d e f g Leach (2005a) is a heavily annotated chronology of cricket 1300-1730 and the source for numerous entries here.
- ^ ACS Match Classification Working Parties have been set up, including one on "classification of pre-1801 matches." Somewhere the society says that CricketArchive is on board. Leach (2005a) concludes on 1660, "it must be so that this was the point of origin of first-class cricket."
- ^ according to the Wikipedia article Underarm bowling
- ^ a b Leach (2005b) explains the crucial role of bowler-entrepreneur Thomas Lord and his White Conduit Club between Hambledon and Marylebone
References
Births
Pre-16th century
1500s-1600s
1700s
- 18 May 1701 - Charles Lennox, 2nd Duke of Richmond, English cricketer
- 1703 - Jack Broughton, English bare-knuckle fighter, produced first rules for boxing
- 2 March 1718 - Richard Newland, English cricketer
- 1735 - Edward "Lumpy" Stevens, English cricketer
- 1737 - John Small, English cricketer
- 1747 - Thomas Brett, English cricketer
- 1753 - Sam Chifney, English jockey
- 16 November 1762 - Thomas Walker, English cricketer
- 1763 - Bill Richmond, American boxer and trainer
- 1764 - Dennis Fitzpatrick, English jockey
- 5 July 1764 - Daniel Mendoza, English-Jewish prizefighter and Champion of England
- 1766 - Francis Buckle, English jockey
- 1769 - John Jackson, English boxer and trainer
- 1781 - Tom Cribb, English bare-knuckle boxer
- 25 November 1794 - Jack Randall, English boxer
- 22 February 1795 - Tom Spring, English heavyweight boxer
- 24 December 1798 - [[William Clarke, english cricketer
1800s-1810s
- 26 December 1800 - Jem Ward, English bare-knuckle boxer
- 1809 - James Burke, English bare-knuckle boxer
- 22 August 1806 - Charles Wordsworth, cricketer, athlete, rower, founder of Oxford-Cambridge Boat race
- November 24 1806 - William Webb Ellis, "inventor" of Rugby football
- 8 March 1808 - Charles Merivale, founder of Oxford-Cambridge Boat race
- 18 October 1811 - Bendigo Thompson, English heavyweight champion boxer
- 5 July 1812 - Harry Clasper, British professional rower and boat-builder.
- 11 November 1814 - Doc Adams, American baseball pioneer [2]
- 22 March 1815 - Ben Caunt, English boxer
1820s-1830s
- April 17 1820 - Alexander Cartwright, American baseball pioneer
- October 5 1824 - Henry Chadwick, American baseball promoter and developer, sportswriter
- 10 June 1825 - Sondre Norheim, Norwegian skier, dubbed "the father of modern skiing"
- 25 May 1826 - Thomas Sayers, English boxer
- February 12 1831 - John Morrissey, Irish-American boxer, politician and racecourse owner
- April 8 1831 - Jem Mace, English heavyweight champion boxer
- October 23 1832 - William Hulbert, American baseball executive
- May 2 1833 - John C Heenan, American bare-knuckle boxer
- 21 May 1833 - John Jackson, English cricketer
- January 10 1835 - Harry Wright, American baseball player, manager and organizer
- August 14 1835 - Tom King, English boxer
- August 19 1835 - Thomas Wentworth Wills, Australian cricketer and Australian rules football inventor
- February 29 1836 - Dickey Pearce, American baseball player
- December 26 1837 - Morgan G. Bulkeley, American baseball executive and politician
- January 23 1838 - Ben Shibe, American baseball executive and equipment manufacturer
1840s
- May 25 1840 - Al Reach, American baseball player and executive, publisher and sporting goods manufacturer
- September 12 1840 - Nick Young, American baseball organizer and executive
- April 15 1841 - James Creighton, Jr., American baseball player
October 14 1842 - Joe Start, American baseball player
- 1843 - John Graham Chambers, British rower and sports codifier in boxing and athletics
- July 18 1844 - George Zettlein, American baseball player
- 20 July 1844 - John Sholto Douglas, 9th Marquess of Queensberry, sports patron (boxing, athletics, horse racing)
- 1845 - Dick McBride, American baseball player
- January 31 1845 - Bob Ferguson, American baseball player, manager, executive and umpire
- May 25 1845 - Lip Pike, American baseball player
- July 9 1845 - Lord Minto, donor of the Minto Cup
- January 28 1847 - George Wright, American baseball player and sporting goods pioneer
- October 20 1847 - Oscar Swahn, Swedish shooter (d. 1927)
- December 7 1847 - Deacon White, American baseball player
- July 18 1848 - W. G. Grace, English cricketer
- October 18 1848 - Candy Cummings, American baseball player and coach
- August 30 1849 - Cal McVey, American baseball player
- December 14 1849 - O.P. Caylor, American baseball writer and organizer
Deaths
ja:1800年代のスポーツ
|
|
