1860

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Centuries:	18th century - 19th century - 20th century
Decades:	1830s 1840s 1850s - 1860s - 1870s 1880s 1890s
Years:	1857 1858 1859 - 1860 - 1861 1862 1863

1860 in topic:
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Art - Literature (Poetry) - Music - Science
Sports - Rail Transport
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Leaders: State leaders - Colonial governors
Category: Establishments - Disestablishments
Births - Deaths - Works v • d • e

Year 1860 (MDCCLX) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Friday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar).

1 Events of 1860
2 Births
- 2.1 January - June
- 2.2 July - December
3 Deaths
- 3.1 January - June
- 3.2 July - December

[edit] Events of 1860

[edit] January - June

April 3 - The Pony Express begins its first run from Saint Joseph, Missouri to Sacramento, California.
April 4 – New uprising in Palermo.
May 1 - A Chondrite type meteorite fell to earth in Muskingum County, Ohio near the town of New Concord.
May 6 - Giuseppe Garibaldi and his troops depart from Quarto on the Expedition of the Thousand.
May 8 - In New Granada (modern-day Colombia) southern state of Cauca secedes from the central government in protest of the suggestion of increase of presidential powers. Magdalena and Bolivar join it.
May 9 - The U.S. Constitutional Union Party holds its convention and nominates John Bell for President of the United States.
May 15 - Battle of Catalafimi; troops under Giuseppe Garibaldi defeat the army of Naples in Sicily, during the Second Italian independence war.
May 17 - German soccer club TSV 1860 München is founded
May 18 - Abraham Lincoln is selected as the U.S. presidential candidate for the Republican party.
May 27 - Garibaldi's forces take Palermo, the capital of Sicily.
12 June [O.S. 31 May] 1860 - The State Bank of the Russian Empire established.
June 24 - First nursing school, based on the ideas of Florence Nightingale, is opened in St. Thomas Infirmary in England.
June 30 - Historic debate about evolution at the Oxford University Museum.

[edit] July - September

Image:Giuseppe Garibaldi 1870 Nadar.jpg

July 20: Garibaldi.

July 2 - Vladivostok, Russia is founded.
July 11 - Mutsuhito (the future Emperor Meiji) becomes Crown Prince of Japan.
July 19 - Ioan Dimitrovich Kasatkin becomes an Eastern Orthodox monk under the name Nikolai.
July 20 - The forces of Giuseppe Garibaldi defeat royal Neapolitan forces at the Battle of Milazzo, near Messina. Nearly all of Sicily was now under Garibaldi's control.
July 24 - Monk Nikolai Kasatkin appointed as deacon.
July 25 - Deacon Nikolai Kasatkin appointed as priest.
August 22 - Assisted by the British navy, the troops of Giuseppe Garibaldi cross from Sicily to the Italian mainland.
September 3-September 5 - First International Chemistry Congress in Karlsruhe, Germany

September 7
- Lady Elgin is accidentally rammed and sunk in Lake Michigan, hundreds drown.
- Giuseppe Garibaldi's forces capture Naples.
September 10 - Piedmontese forces invade the Papal States hoping to link up with Garibaldi in Naples.
September 18 - Battle of Castelfidardo: The Piedmontese decisively defeat the Papal forces, allowing them to continue their march into Neapolitan territory.

[edit] October - December

October - John Hanning Speke and James Augustus Grant leave Zanzibar to search for source of the Nile.
October 1 - Battle of the Volturno, Garibaldi defeats the last organized army of the Kingdom of Two Sicilies.
October 5 - Austria, Britain, France, Prussia and the Ottoman Empire form a commission to investigate causes of the massacres of Maronite Christians, committed by Druzes in Lebanon earlier in the year.
October 10 - The original cornerstone of the University of the South was laid in Sewanee, Tennessee.
October 18 - The first Convention of Peking formally ended the Second Opium War.
October 18-21 - Beijing's Old Summer Palace is burned to the ground by orders of British general Lord Elgin in retaliation for mistreatment of several prisoners of war during the Second Opium War.
October 19 - New Māori revolt begins in New Zealand
October 26
- Garibaldi again defeats the Neapolitan forces, advancing on Gaeta, the last remaining Neapolitan strong-point.
- Meeting of Teano - Giuseppe Garibaldi gives Naples to the king Victor Emmanuel II.
November 3 - The combined forces of Giuseppe Garibaldi and King Victor Emmanuel II besiege King Francis II of the Two Sicilies in Gaeta, his last remaining stronghold.
November 6 - U.S. presidential election: Abraham Lincoln beats John C. Breckinridge, Stephen A. Douglas, and John Bell and is elected as the sixteenth President of the United States, the first Republican to hold that office.
December 1 - Charles Dickens publishes the first installment of Great Expectations in his magazine All the Year Round.
December 20 - South Carolina becomes the first state to secede from the Union.

Image:Hms warrior.jpg

December 29: HMS Warrior (restored).

December 29 - The world's first ocean-going (all) iron-hulled and armoured battleship, the (British) HMS Warrior is launched.

[edit] Undated

Massacres of the Christians of Damascus, Syria, by part of the Muslim population, under the supervision of the Ottoman Empire.
Victor Emmanuel, King of Sardinia seizes the whole of the Papal States except Rome (see Vatican City) and unites Italy.
Robert Wilhelm Bunsen discovers caesium and rubidium (see Discovery of the chemical elements).
Buenos Aires leader Bartolomé Mitre subverts Argentine Confederation and begins to establish a new centralist government with the help of Uruguayan Colorado party leader Venancio Flores.
Augustana College is founded in Chicago, Illinois, United States by Swedish immigrants. The college would move to Paxton, Illinois, in 1862, and to its eventual home in Rock Island, Illinois, in 1875.
Sedalia, Missouri is incorporated.

[edit] Ongoing events

Second Opium War (1856-1860)
Taiping Rebellion (1851-1864)

[edit] Births

**1860 in other calendars**
Gregorian calendar	1860 MDCCCLX
Ab urbe condita	2613
Armenian calendar	1309 ԹՎ ՌՅԹ
Bahá'í calendar	16 – 17
Berber calendar	2810
Buddhist calendar	2404
Burmese calendar	1222
Chinese calendar	4496/4556-12-9 (己未年十二月初九日) — to — 4497/4557-11-20 (庚申年十一月二十日)
Coptic calendar	1576 – 1577
Ethiopian calendar	1852 – 1853
Hebrew calendar	5620 – 5621
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1915 – 1916
- Shaka Samvat	1782 – 1783
- Kali Yuga	4961 – 4962
Holocene calendar	11860
Iranian calendar	1238 – 1239
Islamic calendar	1276 – 1277
Japanese calendar	Ansei 7Man'en 1 (万延元年)
- Imperial Year	Kōki 2520 (皇紀2520年)
Korean calendar	4193
Thai solar calendar	2403
v • d • e