Ankhesenamen
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Ankhesenamen (b. Ankhesenpaaten, ca. 1348 – after 1324 B.C), which means She who lives through the Amun, was the third of six known daughters of the Egyptian Pharaoh Akhenaten and his Great Royal Wife Nefertiti.[1] Her youth is well documented in the ancient reliefs and paintings of the reign of her parents. She was probably born in year 4 of Akhenaten's reign and by year 12 of her father's reign she was joined by her three younger sisters. He made his wife his co-regent and had his family portrayed in a realistic style in all official artwork. She was the Great Royal Wife of at least two kings, her brother (or half-brother) Tutankhamum and his successor Ay.[2] She may have been the great royal wife of her father, Akhenaten, after the possible death of her mother and of his immediate successor, Smenkhkare who might have been her mother according to some scholars. Image:Ankhesenpaaten-StatuetteHead BrooklynMuseum.png
Queen Ankhesenpaaten of Egypt
The records of this dynasty are not complete. The royal lineage of Egypt was traced through its women and having a royal wife was necessary for a pharaoh. If her mother became the pharaoh, she needed a great royal wife to officiate at temple functions and other ceremonial duties and other Egyptian queens were known to place their daughters in that role.
Early lifeAnkhesenpaaten was born in a time when Egypt was in transition (ca. 1348 BC). Her father had abandoned the old deities of Egypt in favor of the Aten, a minor sun-god who was the physical Sun Disk. She is believed to have been born in Waset (present-day Thebes), but probably grew up in her father's new capital city of Akhetaten (present-day Tell el-Amarna). The three eldest daughters – Meritaten, Meketaten, and Ankhesenpaaten – became the "Senior Princesses". Later lifeShe is believed to have been married first to her own father,[3] and is thought to have been the mother of the princess Ankhesenpaaten Tasherit (possibly by her father or by Smenkhkare) when she was twelve, although the parentage is unclear.[1] Image:Anuk.PNG
Tutankhamen receives flowers from Ankhesenamen
After her father's death and a presumed short marriage to Smenkhkare, she became the wife of Tutankhaten.[4] Following their marriage, the couple honored the deities of the restored religion by changing their names to Tutankhamen and Ankhesenamen.[5] The couple appear to have had two stillborn daughters, although there is no evidence of their relationship to the remains found in Tutankhamun's tomb.[5] Some time in the ninth year of his reign, at about the age of eighteen, Tutankhamen died suddenly leaving Ankhesenamen alone without an heir at about age twenty-one.[5] A ring shows that Ankhesenamen married Ay, shortly before she disappeared from history, although no monuments show her as a royal consort.[6] On the walls of Ay's tomb it is Tey (Ay's senior wife), not Ankhesenamen, who appears as queen. She probably died during or shortly after his reign and as of yet no burial has been found for her. The Hittite LettersA document was found in the ancient Hittite capital of Hattusa which dates to the Amarna period. It was addressed to the Hittite king, Suppiluliuma I, and reads;
This document is extraordinary, Egyptians traditionally considered foreigners to be inferior. Suppiluliuma I understandably was wary and had an envoy investigate, but by so doing, he missed his chance to bring Egypt into his empire. He did eventually send one of his sons, Zannanza, but the prince was murdered en route.[7] The identity of the queen is uncertain, she is called Dakhamunzu in the Hittite annuals, a possible translation of the Egyptian title Tahemetnesu (The King's Wife).[8] Possible candidates are Nefertiti, Meritaten,[2] and Ankhesenamen. Ankhesenamen seems more likely since there were no candidates for the throne on the death of her husband, Tutankhamen, whereas Akhenaten had at least two legitimate successors.[4] Furthermore, the phrase regarding marriage to 'one of my subjects' (translated by some as 'servants') is most likely a reference to the Grand Vizier Ay[9] who was pressuring the young widow to marry him and legitimise his claim to the throne of Egypt (which she eventually did). This also might explain why she describes herself as 'afraid', especially considering the popular (but not universally accepted) theory that Ay had a hand in her husband's death.[10] Recent scientific evidence indicates that Tutankhamun died of gangrene following a broken leg. KV 63After excavating the tomb KV63 it is a theory that it was designed for Ankhesenamen due to the location which is very close to KV62 which is Tutankhamun's tomb.[citation needed] Also found in the tomb were coffins (one with an imprint of a woman on it), womans clothing, jewelery and natron. However there were no mummies found in KV 63 so the theory of KV63 being Ankhesenamen's tomb remains a theory. Fictional AppearancesShe is the main character in Christian Jacq's novel La reine soleil. She appears in the Japanese Manga series Anatolia Story (known in the USA as Red River) by Chie Shinohara. This appearance is in relation to the Hittite Letters event. References
Further reading
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