Ansei

Ansei (安政, Ansei^?) was a Japanese era name (年号,, nengō,^?, lit. "year name") after Kaei and before Man'en. This period spanned the years from 1854 through 1860. The reigning emperor was Kōmei-tennō (孝明天皇, Kōmei-tennō^?).

Change of era

• Ansei gannen (安政元年, Ansei gannen^?); November 27, 1854: The new era name of Ansei (meaning "Quiet Peaceful Government") was created to mark a number of disasters including a fire at the Imperial Palace, earthquakes, and the arrival of the Black Ships and Commodore Matthew Perry.

The new era name was derived from an hortatory aphorism: "Rule peacefully over the masses, then the ruler will remain in his place" (庶民安政、然後君子安位矣).

Events of the Ansei era

• Ansei 1 (November 4-7, 1854): Great Nankaidō earthquakes and tsunamis kill 80,000 people.
• Ansei 2 (1855): Work was begun on re-constructing the Imperial Palace after the devastating fire of Kaei 7, and the project was completed in nine months.^[1]
  • Ansei 2, on the 21st day of the 11th month (1855): The emperor moved into the reconstructed palace, having previously lived in the Shōgo-in and then Katsura-no-miya. The people were permited to view the grand Imperial progress.^[1]
    • Ansei 2 (November 11, 1855): Great Ansei Earthquake in Edo, with resulting fire damange and loss of life.^[2] Epicenter -- (Latitude: 36.000/Longitude: 140.000), 6.9 magnitude on the Richter Scale.^[3]...Click link for NOAA/Japan: Significant Earthquake Database
      • Ansei 4 (November 15, 1857): Nagasaki Medical School is opened. Dr. Pompe van Meerdevoort gave the first formal public lecture on medical and surgical sciences at the new school, which became as well the first such lecture to be delivered in any Japanese venue.^[4]
        • Ansei 5 (April 9, 1858): The 1858 Hietsu earthquake kills hundreds.
        • Ansei 5 (1858): The initial establishment of Keio University, seven years before the beginning of the Keio era; neverthelss, the university was named after the later era. This is the oldest existing instituion of higher learning in Japan.^[5]
          • Ansei 5 (July 29, 1858): Tairo Ii Naosuke signs Japanese-American Treaty of Peace and Amity (also known as the "Harris Treaty"), which was a follow-up to the 1854 Treaty of Kanagawa.^[6]
            • Ansei 5 (1858): Beginning of Ansei Purge at the order of Ii Naosuke on behalf of the bafuku.^[7]
              • Ansei 7 (1860): Fire at Edo Castle.
              

              

              Edo Castle's Sakurada Gate (Sakurada-mon): The assassination of Ii Naosuke occurred nearby.
              • Ansei 7 (March 24, 1860): Ii Naosuke was assassinated, also known as "the Sakurada-mon Incident."^[8]

                References

                1. ^ ^{a b} Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1956). Kyoto: The Old Capital of Japan, 794-1869. p. 324.
                2. ^ Smitts, Gregory. "Shaking up Japan: Edo Society and the 1855 Catfish Picture Prints", Journal of Social History, No 39, No. 4, Summer 2006.
                3. ^ Online "Significant Earthquake Database" -- U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC)
                4. ^ Whitney, Willis Norton. (1885). "Notes on the history of medical progress in Japan," Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan, pp. 841-842.
                5. ^ Ozaki, Yukio. (2001). The Autobiography of Ozaki Yukio, p. 21.
                6. ^ Cullen, Louis. (2003). A History of Japan, 1582-1941: Internal and External Worlds, p. 180-186.
                7. ^ Cullen, pp. 184-188.
                8. ^ Kusunoki, pp. 52-66; Cullen, p. 184.

                
                

                
                

                • Cullen, L.M. (2003). A History of Japan, 1582-1941: Internal and External Worlds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-82115-X (cloth) ISBN 0-521-529918-2 (paper)
                • Kusunoki Sei'ichirō (1991). Nihon shi omoshiro suiri: Nazo no satsujin jiken wo oe. Tokyo: Futami bunko.
                • Ozaki, Yukio. (2001). The Autobiography of Ozaki Yukio: The Struggle for Constitutional Government in Japan. [Translated by Fujiko Hara]. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 10-ISBN 0-691-05095-3 (cloth)
                • Ponsonby-Fane, Richard A. B. (1956). Kyoto: The Old Capital of Japan, 794-1869. Kyoto: The Ponsonby Memorial Society.
                • Whitney, Willis Norton. (1885). "Notes on the history of medical progress in Japan," Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan, [Reprinted from Vol. 12, pp. 245-270.] Yokohama: R.J. Meiklejohn & Company....Link to digitized version of this lecture text

                External links

                • National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
                • National Diet Library, photograph of Sakurada-mon (1909)
                • Text of Treaty of Peace and Amity (1858)

                Ansei	1st	2nd	3rd	4th	5th	6th	7th
                Gregorian	1854	1855	1856	1857	1858	1859	1860

                Preceded by: Kaei

                Era or nengō: Ansei

                Succeeded by: Man'en

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                es:Era Ansei fr:Ère Ansei ia:Ansei ja:安政 sv:Ansei