Aria

This article is about the musical term "aria." For other meanings or uses of the word, see Aria (disambiguation).

An aria (Italian for air; plural: arie or arias in common usage) in music was originally any expressive melody, usually, but not always, performed by a singer. The term is now used almost exclusively to describe a self-contained piece for one voice usually with orchestral accompaniment. Perhaps the most common context for arias is opera, although there are many arias that form movements of oratorios and cantatas. Composers also wrote 'concert arias', which are not part of any larger work, such as "Ah Perfido" by Beethoven, and a number of concert arias by Mozart.

The aria first appeared in the 14th century when it signified a manner or style of singing or playing. Aria could also mean a melodic scheme (motif) or pattern for singing a poetic pattern, such as a sonnet. It was also attached to instrumental music, though this is no longer the case. Over time, arias evolved from simple melodies into a structured form; in about 17th century, the aria was written in ternary form (ABA); these arias were known as da capo arias. The aria later "invaded" the opera repertoire with its many sub-species (Aria cantabile, Aria agitata, Aria di bravura, and so on). By the mid-19th century, many operas became a sequence of arias, reducing the space left for recitative, while other operas (for instance those by Wagner) were entirely through-composed, with no section being readily identifiable as a self-contained aria.

An arietta is a short aria.

Famous operatic arias

for soprano:

• "O mio babbino caro" - Gianni Schicchi (Giacomo Puccini)
• "Der Hölle Rache" - The Magic Flute (Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart)

for mezzosoprano:

• "Habanera" - Carmen (Georges Bizet)
• "Ombra mai fu" - Serse (George Frideric Handel)

for tenor:

• "La donna è mobile" - Rigoletto (Giuseppe Verdi)
• "Nessun dorma" - Turandot (Giacomo Puccini)
• "E lucevan le stelle" - Tosca (Giacomo Puccini)

for baritone:

• "Largo al factotum" - The Barber of Seville (Gioachino Rossini)
• "Votre toast" (Toreador song) - Carmen (Georges Bizet)

for bass:

• "Non più andrai" - The Marriage of Figaro (Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart)
• "Madamina, il catalogo è questo" - Don Giovanni (Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart)

Famous operatic duets

for tenor and soprano:

• "Libiamo ne' lieti calici" - La traviata (Giuseppe Verdi)
• "O soave fanciulla" - La bohème (Giacomo Puccini)

Media

• Guest soloist Clare Bradshaw (Mezzo soprano) sings two Mozart Arias with the Leeds Symphony Orchestra.

Don Giovanni: Act II – Vedrai Carino Le Nozze di Figaro: Act II – Voi che sapete

See also

• Aria (disambiguation)
• Air (music)
• Recitative

External links

• The Aria Database

bs:Arija

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