Chōwa

Chōwa (長和, Chōwa^?) was a Japanese era name (年号,, nengō,^?, lit. "year name") after Kankō and before Kannin. This period spanned the years from 1012 through 1017. The reigning emperors were Sanjō-tennō (三条天皇, Sanjō-tennō^?) and Go-Ichijō-tennō (後一条天皇, Go-Ichijō-tennō^?).^[1]

Change of era

• Chōwa 1 (長和元年, Chōwa 1^?); 1012: The era name was changed to mark Emperor Sanjō's accession in the previous year.^[2] The previous era ended and a new one commenced in Kankō 9, on the 25th day of the 12th month of 1012.^[3]

  Events of the Chōwa era

  • Chōwa 1, in the 8th month (1012): Emperor Sanjō marries a daughter of kampaku Fujiwara no Michinaga.^[4]
    • Chōwa 5, on the 29th day of the 1st month (1016): In the 5th year of Emperor Sanjō's reign (三条天皇5年), he abdicated; and the succession (‘‘senso’’) was received by a cousin. Shortly thereafter, Emperor Go-Ichijō is said to have acceded to the throne (‘‘sokui’’).^[5]

      
      

      References

      1. ^ Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du japon, p. 154-155; Brown, Delmer et al. (1979). Gukanshō, p. 307; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki, p. 195.
      2. ^ Titsingh, p. 154; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki. p. 195.
      3. ^ Brown, p. 307.
      4. ^ Titsingh, p. 154.
      5. ^ Titsingh, pp. 155-156; Brown, p. 307; Varley, p. 44. [A distinct act of senso is unrecognized prior to Emperor Tenji; and all sovereigns except Jitō, Yōzei, Go-Toba, and Fushimi have senso and sokui in the same year until the reign of Go-Murakami.]

      
      

      
      

      • Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). [ Jien, 1221], Gukanshō (The Future and the Past, a translation and study of the Gukanshō, an interpretative history of Japan written in 1219). Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-03460-0
      • Titsingh, Isaac, ed. (1834). [Siyun-sai Rin-siyo/Hayashi Gahō, 1652], Nipon o daï itsi ran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon, tr. par M. Isaac Titsingh avec l'aide de plusieurs interprètes attachés au comptoir hollandais de Nangasaki; ouvrage re., complété et cor. sur l'original japonais-chinois, accompagné de notes et précédé d'un Aperçu d'histoire mythologique du Japon, par M. J. Klaproth. Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland.... Click link for digitized, full-text copy of this book (in French)
      • Varley, H. Paul , ed. (1980). [ Kitabatake Chikafusa, 1359], Jinnō Shōtōki ("A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki of Kitabatake Chikafusa" translated by H. Paul Varley). New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-04940-4

      External links

      • National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

      
      

      Chōwa	1st	2nd	3rd	4th	5th	6th
      Gregorian	1012	1013	1014	1015	1016	1017

      Preceded by: Kankō

      Era or nengō: Chōwa

      Succeeded by: Kannin

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      fr:Ère Chōwa id:Chōwa ia:Chowa ja:長和