Douglas Douglas-Hamilton, 14th Duke of Hamilton
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Categories: 1903 births | 1973 deaths | Old Etonians | Dukes of Hamilton | Dukes of Brandon | House of Douglas and Angus | Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order | Knights of the Thistle | Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom | Members of the United Kingdom Parliament for Scottish constituencies | Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford | Chancellors of the University of St Andrews | Recipients of the Royal Victorian Chain | Conservative Peers | Scottish Unionist Party MPs | UK MPs 1929-1931 | UK MPs 1931-1935 | UK MPs 1935-1945 | Recipients of the Air Force Cross (United Kingdom) | Royal Air Force officers | Royal Air Force personnel of World War II | Scottish aviators | Scottish explorers | Deputy Lieutenants of Lanarkshire | Fellows of the Royal Geographical Society
Air Commodore Douglas Douglas-Hamilton, 14th Duke of Hamilton and 11th Duke of Brandon, KT, GCVO, AFC, PC, DL, FRCSE, FRGS, (3 February 1903 – 30 March 1973) was a Scottish nobleman and pioneering aviator. He was the eldest of four brothers who were to make military history by all being at the rank of Squadron Leader or above simultaneously at the outbreak of World War II.
Early lifeHamilton was born in Pimlico, London, England. He was the son of Alfred, the 13th Duke of Hamilton and his wife Nina Benita Poore. He was educated at Eton and Balliol College, Oxford, where he gained a Blue in boxing, this in turn led to his winning of the Scottish Amateur Middleweight title. He also represented the university in rowing. Styled Marquess of Douglas and Clydesdale before he succeeded his father as the Duke of Hamilton and Keeper of Holyroodhouse in 1940, he had been a prominent Unionist Member of Parliament (MP) for East Renfrewshire from 1930 until he succeeded. In 1935 in order to experience the life of the employees in his family's mines, he joined a Trades Union and worked for a time at the coal face, as plain 'Mr. Hamilton'. Flight over EverestImage:Clydesdale Everest.jpg
First flight over Everest 1933, Lord Clydesdale piloting the plane shown, with the summit of Everest in front
He became interested in flying at an early age and served in the Royal Auxiliary Air Force (RAuxAF) becoming the youngest Squadron Leader of his day, commanding 602 (City of Glasgow) Squadron from 1927 to 1936. He was involved in one of the most ambitious avionic enterprises of the early twentieth century, the Houston-Mount Everest expedition. Flying higher than any before. Lord Clydesdale, as he was known, was chief pilot on the first flight over Mount Everest in 1933, using an open cockpit bi-plane. The extremity endured by the crews of these aeroplanes was instrumental to the introduction of pressurised cabins in modern aircraft, it also was the first detailed and scientific survey of the Himalaya region, and resulted in the birth of Scottish Aviation Ltd (now part of BAE Systems). In recognition of his role in the expedition, he was decorated with the Air Force Cross in 1935. As a pioneering early aviator he was regarded in much the same heroic way as the astronauts a generation later. Later, at the outbreak of World War II he re-enlisted and was given the rank of Air Commodore, he was responsible for air defence in Scotland and took command of the Air Training Corps. World War II, the Hess Affair, and afterImage:Rudolf Hess - Bf 110D Werk Nr 3869 - Wreckage - Bonnyton Moor.jpg
Wreckage of Hess' plane, Bonnyton Moor, Scotland
Hamilton had attended the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin. A keen sportsman, he had flown his own plane to Germany where he was a member of a multi-party parliamentary group which had been invited to Berlin to observe the games by the German government. In Berlin he attended numerous functions, including a grand dinner for the British contingent hosted by Joachim von Ribbentrop the German ambassador to Britain and later Foreign Minister, where he was introduced to Hitler, and other leading members of the National Socialist government. Hamilton had previously met Ribbentrop in London as the Ambassador to the Court of St. James's. Hamilton was invited by Hermann Göring to inspect the newly reinstated Luftwaffe, for his professional interest in aviation. It has been suggested that Hamilton either through his own initiative or under instruction indulged in some minor espionage during these occasions. He did not however, meet the deputy Führer Rudolf Hess whilst in Germany. Whilst in Germany Hamilton had met the Geopolitician Albrecht Haushofer, son of the distinguished Geopolitical academic Professor Karl Haushofer. The younger Haushofer had studied alongside Hess at Munich University. On Hess' rise to prominence within the Nazi Party, Haushofer became his advisor on foreign affairs. Following the outbreak of war in 1939, memories of the earlier pan-European cameraderie of 1936 faded exponentially. In 1940, upon his father's death, Hamilton succeeded to the Dukedom and was exerting all his efforts into the Air war, the aerial defence of his sector of Southern Scotland and Northern England. In May 1941, Hess parachuted into Scotland, the reason for his doing so was ostensibly to meet with the Duke and plot a secret peace treaty that would lead to the supremacy of Germany within Europe and the reinforcement of the British Empire without. Hess' Messerschmitt 110 crashed on Bonnyton Moor near to Hamilton's home at Dungavel House. Hess was captured by a local farmer, and assuming the false name "Albert Horn", he asked to be taken to the Duke. Hess however, was taken to hospital for injuries sustained during his descent. Hamilton was informed of the prisoner and visited him whereupon he revealed his true identity. Hamilton immediately contacted Sir Winston Churchill, and informed him of the Deputy Führer's arrival. Hess was imprisoned by the British authorities until the end of the war and the subsequent Nuremburg trials. Hamilton came under pressure from the press to explain his role in the affair, with suspicions being raised that he may have been in prior contact with Hess. Questions were asked in the House of Commons. On the 22 May, Sir Archibald Sinclair, the Secretary of State for Air, gave this statement to the House:
The Duke was Mentioned in Dispatches. At the end of February 1950 the Duke led the funeral procession, on foot, through Hamilton for his friend Sir Harry Lauder, said to be the largest funeral ever held in the town, and read The Lesson during the service describing Lauder as "a Great Scot". Offices and positions heldHe was appointed Privy Counsellor and Lord Steward of the Household, holding the latter office until 1964. He served as Chancellor of the University of St Andrews from 1948 to 1973. He was admitted to the Order of the Thistle in 1951. He was also a member of the Royal Company of Archers, the Sovereign's bodyguard for Scotland. He served as Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland four times, in 1953, 1954,1955 and 1958. In 1963 the Duke was made honorary President of the Boys Brigade, he had been the treasurer since 1938. He was the President of the Air League from 1959-1968. Business positions held
PublicationsThe Pilots' Book of Everest- with Group Captain MacIntyre. Hodge, London. 1936 Marriage and issueIn 1937, he married the Lady Elizabeth Ivy Percy, the daughter of the Duke of Northumberland. They produced five sons:
See also
SourcesWho's Who 1973.A.& C. Black, London 1973. External links
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