Image processing

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UPIICSA IPN - Binary image

Image processing is any form of signal processing for which the input is an image, such as photographs or frames of video; the output of image processing can be either an image or a set of characteristics or parameters related to the image. Most image-processing techniques involve treating the image as a two-dimensional signal and applying standard signal-processing techniques to it.

Image processing usually refers to digital image processing, but optical and analog image processing are also possible. This article is about general techniques that apply to all of them.

1 Typical operations
2 Applications
3 See also
4 Bibliography
5 External links

Typical operations

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The red, green, and blue color channels of a photograph by Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorskii. The fourth image is a composite.

Among many other image processing operations are:

Geometric transformations such as enlargement, reduction, and rotation
Color corrections such as brightness and contrast adjustments, quantization, or conversion to a different color space
Digital compositing or optical compositing (combination of two or more images). Used in filmmaking to make a "matte"
Interpolation, demosaicing, and recovery of a full image from a RAW image format like a Bayer filter pattern
Image editing (e.g., to increase the quality of a digital image)
Image differencing
Image registration (alignment of two or more images)
Image stabilization
Image segmentation
Extending dynamic range by combining differently exposed images

Applications

Further information: Imaging

Bibliography

Image Processing and Analysis - Variational, PDE, Wavelet, and Stochastic Methods, by Tony F. Chan and Jackie (Jianhong) Shen, ISBN 089871589X (2005)

John C. Russ (2006). The Image Processing Handbook. ISBN 0849372542.

Ian T. Young, Jan J. Gerbrands, Lucas J. Van Vliet (1995). Fundamentals of Image Processing. ISBN 90-75691-01-7.
Jean Serra (1982). Image Analysis and Mathematical Morphology. ISBN 0126372403.