Java Platform, Enterprise Edition
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Java Platform, Enterprise Edition or Java EE is a widely used platform for server programming in the Java programming language. The Java EE Platform differs from the Standard Edition (SE) of Java in that it adds additional libraries which provide functionality to deploy fault-tolerant, distributed, multi-tier Java software, based largely on modular components running on an application server.
Nomenclature, standards and specificationsThe platform was known as Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition or J2EE until the name was changed to Java EE in version 5. The current version is called Java EE 5. The previous version is called J2EE 1.4. Java EE is defined by its specification. As with other Java Community Process specifications, Java EE is also considered informally to be a standard since providers must agree to certain conformance requirements in order to declare their products as Java EE compliant; albeit with no ISO or ECMA standard. Java EE includes several API specifications, such as JDBC, RMI, e-mail, JMS, web services, XML, etc, and defines how to coordinate them. Java EE also features some specifications unique to Java EE for components. These include Enterprise JavaBeans, servlets, portlets (following the Java Portlet specification), JavaServer Pages and several web service technologies. This allows developers to create enterprise applications that are portable and scalable, and that integrate with legacy technologies. A Java EE "application server" can handle the transactions, security, arity, scalability, concurrency and management of the components that are deployed to it, meaning that the developers can concentrate more on the business logic of the components rather than on infrastructure and integration tasks. HistoryThe original J2EE specification was developed by Sun Microsystems. The J2EE 1.2 SDK was released in December 1999. Starting with J2EE 1.3, the specification was developed under the Java Community Process. JSR 58 specifies J2EE 1.3 and JSR 151 specifies the J2EE 1.4 specification. The J2EE 1.3 SDK was first released by Sun as a beta in April 2001. The J2EE 1.4 SDK beta was released by Sun in December 2002. The Java EE 5 specification was developed under JSR 244 and the final release was made on May 11, 2006. The Java EE 6 specification is being developed under JSR 316 and is scheduled for release in 2008. The platform was known as Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition or J2EE until the name was changed to Java EE in version 5. The current version is called Java EE 5. The previous version is called J2EE 1.4. General APIsThe Java EE APIs includes several technologies that extend the functionality of the base Java SE APIs.
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