Narva

Narva (Estonian: Narva; Russian: Нарва, Narva) is the third largest city in Estonia. It is located at the eastern extreme point of Estonia, by the Russian border, on the Narva River which drains Lake Peipus.

1 History
2 Demography
3 Landmarks
4 Notable residents
5 External links
- 5.1 Photos and videos

History

People settled in the area during 5th to 4th millennium BC, as witnessed by the archeological traces of the Narva culture, named so after the city. The settlement was first mentioned in the First Novgorod Chronicle as Rugodiv (Ругодивъ) under the year 1171.

The castle of Narva was founded during the Danish rule of northern Estonia on November 30, 1223. The castle and surrounding town of Narva became a possession of the Livonian Order after 1346. Captured briefly by Russians in 1558, Narva changed hands a few times, and after 1581 was controlled by Sweden.

During the Great Northern War, Narva was the setting for its first great battle between the forces of King Charles XII of Sweden and Tsar Peter I of Russia. Although outnumbered one to four, the Swedish forces rounded up their 40 000-strong opponent. The city was subsequently reconquered by Russia in 1704.

Narva became part of independent Estonia in 1918 following World War I. It was made part of the Estonian SSR in 1940 during World War II. The old center of Narva was destroyed by the Red Army and retreating Germans during the Battle of Narva (1944); it has never been completely rebuilt.

Image:ZauerveydNA Petr1UsmirDA19.jpg

Peter I of Russia pacifies his maraudering troops after taking Narva in 1704 by Nikolay Sauerweid, 1859

Having reoccupied Estonia during World War II in 1944, the Soviet authorities separated Ivangorod administratively from the rest of Narva, and transferred the territory to the Leningrad Oblast of the Russian SFSR in January 1945. Ivangorod received the status of town in 1954.

After Estonia regained independence in 1991, the border as per 1920 Treaty of Tartu was considered by Russia legally superseded by an administrative border between two former Soviet republics drawn later by the Soviet authorities. Ivangorod thus remained a part of Russia. Due to political tensions, a new border treaty between Estonia and Russia has not yet come into force.

Demography

93.85% of the current population of Narva are Russian-speakers (86.41% are ethnic Russians), mostly either Soviet-era immigrants from parts of the former U.S.S.R. (mainly Russia) or their descendants. Much of the city was destroyed during World War II and for several years during the following reconstruction the Soviet authorities prohibited the return of any of Narva's pre-war residents (among whom ethnic Estonians had been the majority), thus radically altering the city's ethnic composition.

Landmarks

Image:Narva jõgi 1999.jpg

The reconstructed fortress of Narva (to the left) overlooking the Russian fortress of Ivangorod (to the right).

See also: Hermann Castle

Image:Narva, pevnost.jpg

Hermann Castle

Narva is dominated by the 15th-century castle, with the 51-metre-high Long Hermann tower as its most prominent landmark. The sprawling complex of the Kreenholm Manufacture, located in the proximity of scenic waterfalls, is one of the largest textile mills of 19th-century Eastern Europe. Other notable buildings include Swedish mansions of the 17th century, a Baroque town hall (1668-71), and remains of Erik Dahlberg's fortifications.

Across the Narva River is the Russian Ivangorod fortress, founded by Grand Prince Ivan III of Muscovy in 1492 and known in Western sources as Counter-Narva. During the Soviet times Narva and Ivangorod were twin cities, despite belonging to different republics. Before World War II, Ivangorod (in Estonian known as Jaanilinn) was administrated as part of Narva.

Notable residents

Image:Narva, pravoslavný kostel.jpg

Evert Horn (1585-1615), governor of Narva (1613)
Friedrich Lustig (1912-1989), Buddhist monk
Paul Keres (1916-1975), chess grandmaster
Paul Felix Schmidt (1916-1984), chess player
Ortvin Sarapu (1924-1999), chess player
Valery Karpin (born 1969), football player
Maksim Gruznov (born 1974), football player
Leo Komarov (born 1987), hockey player

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Narva

Photos and videos

QTVR fullscreen panoramas of the Narva Castle
High resolution satellite photo of Narva, via Google Maps

v • d • e Image:Ida-Virumaa lipp.svg Municipalities of Ida-Viru County
Urban municipalities	Kiviõli · Kohtla-Järve · Narva · Narva-Jõesuu · Püssi · Sillamäe	Image:Ida-Virumaa vapp.svg
Rural municipalities	Alajõe · Aseri · Avinurme · Iisaku · Illuka · Jõhvi · Kohtla · Kohtla-Nõmme · Lohusuu · Lüganuse · Maidla · Mäetaguse · Sonda · Toila · Tudulinna · Vaivara	Image:Ida-Virumaa vapp.svg