North Vietnam

The Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRVN), or less commonly, Vietnamese Democratic Republic (Vietnamese: Việt Nam Dân Chủ Cộng Hòa), also known as North Vietnam, was proclaimed by Hồ Chí Minh in Hà Nội on September 2, 1945 with a declaration of independence, following the August Revolution, as a provisional government. It gathered Tonkin and Annam, provinces of the French Indochina.

1 Partition of Indochina
2 International relations
3 The Fall of Saigon
4 References
5 See also
6 External links

Partition of Indochina

Further information: First Indochina War, Operation Passage to Freedom, and Geneva Conference (1954)

Following the partition of Vietnam in 1954, thousands of Vietnamese migrated to either the North and to the South. For example, an estimated 800,000 Catholics moved south. ^[1] The Catholic migration is attributed to perceived persecution of Catholics by the North Vietnamese government, as well as scare campaigns employed by the Saigon government of the Catholic Ngo Dinh Diem. ^[2] Concurrently, an estimated 130,000 people from South Việtnam who supported the Viet Minh headed for the North with the aid of Polish and Soviet ships.^[3]

Between 1953 and 1956, the DRVN government instituted various agrarian reforms, including land redistribution. Large landowners were publicly denounced as landlords (địa chủ), and their land distributed to poor and middle peasants.

History of Vietnam

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Hồng Bàng Dynasty

Thục Dynasty (257–207 BC)

First Chinese domination (207 BC–39 AD)

Triệu Dynasty (207–111 BC)

Trưng Sisters (40–43)

Second Chinese domination (43–544)

Lady Triệu's Rebellion (248)

Anterior Lý Dynasty and Triệu Việt Vương (544–602)

Third Chinese domination (602–905)

Mai Hắc Đế (722)
Phùng Hưng (791–798)

Autonomy (905–938)

Khúc Family (906–930)
Dương Đình Nghệ (931–937)
Kiều Công Tiễn (937–938)

Champa (7th century–1471)

Ngô Dynasty (939–967)

The upheavals of Twelve warlords (966–968)

Đinh Dynasty (968–980)

Prior Lê Dynasty (980–1009)

Lý Dynasty (1009–1225)

Trần Dynasty (1225–1400)

Hồ Dynasty (1400–1407)

Fourth Chinese domination (1407–1427)

Posterior Trần Dynasty (1407–1413)
Lam Sơn Rebellion (1418–1427)

Later Lê Dynasty (1428–1788)

Early Lê (1428–1527)

Restored Lê (1533–1788)	Mạc Dynasty (1527–1592)
	Trịnh-Nguyễn War (1627–1673)

Tây Sơn Dynasty (1778–1802)

Nguyễn Dynasty (1802–1945)

Western Imperialism (1887–1945)
Empire of Vietnam (1945)

North-South Division during the Indochina Wars (1945–1975)

Democratic Republic of Vietnam (1945–1976)
State of Vietnam (1949–1955)
Republic of Vietnam (1955–1975)
Republic of South Vietnam (1969–1976)

Socialist Republic of Vietnam (from 1976)

List of Vietnamese monarchs

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A literary movement called Nhân văn-Giai phẩm (from the names of the two magazines which started the movement) attempted to encourage the democratization of the country and the free expression of thought.

International relations

The Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) capital was Hà Nội and its government was led by the left-nationalist Vietnam Workers' Party, which had been formed in opposition to foreign (French and Japanese) involvement in the territory of Vietnam.

In December 1960, the Vietnam Workers' Party co-initiated and began working within the National Liberation Front of South Vietnam (referred to by the South as the Việt Cộng) which was organized to support reunification and oppose the government of South Vietnam. After August 1964, this was expanded to armed opposition to the military presence and operations of the United States in the southern areas of Vietnam.^[4] From at least 1965 onwards, both China and the Soviet Union provided aid to North Vietnam in support of its military activities; known in the West as the Vietnam War and in Vietnam as the American War.

In June 1969, in the South, the NLF formed a Provisional Revolutionary Government in order to present an organized alternative government to the international community.^[5]

In addition to the NLF, other nationalist insurgencies also operated within neighboring Laos and Cambodia, both formerly part of the French colonial territory of Indochina.

The Fall of Saigon

Indochina 1886.

With the fall of Saigon to National Liberation Front and regular North Vietnamese armed forces on April 30, 1975, political authority within South Vietnam was assumed by the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam. This government merged with Democratic Republic of Vietnam on July 2, 1976, to form a single nation officially called the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (Cộng Hoà Xã Hội Chủ Nghĩa Việt Nam), or more commonly known as Việt Nam.

References

^ United Nations High Commission on Refugees. 2000. The State of the World's Refugees 2000: Fifty Years of Humanitarian Action. Oxford University Press. from.
^ Truong Nhu Tang. 1986. A Viet Cong Memoir. Vintage.
^ United Nations High Commission on Refugees. 2000. The State of the World's Refugees 2000: Fifty Years of Humanitarian Action. Oxford University Press. from.
^ Truong Nhu Tang. 1986. A Viet Cong Memoir. Vintage.
^ Truong Nhu Tang. 1986. A Viet Cong Memoir. Vintage.