Northwestern University

Northwestern University
Image:NU seal.png
Motto:	Quaecumque sunt vera (Latin: Whatsoever things are true) -Philippians 4:8 KJV
Established	1851
Type:	Private
Endowment:	US $7 billion[1]
President:	Henry S. Bienen
Faculty:	2,563
Undergraduates:	7,826
Postgraduates:	6,282
Location:	Evanston, IL, USA
Campus:	Suburban and Urban
Annual Fees:	$46,005 (2007–2008)
Colors:	Purple and White[2]
Mascot:	Willie the Wildcat
Athletics:	NCAA Division I, Big Ten Wildcats
Affiliations:	Association of American Universities, COFHE
Website:	northwestern

Northwestern University (NU) is a private, nonsectarian, coeducational research university with campuses located in Evanston, Illinois and downtown Chicago, Illinois. The university is organized into eleven schools and colleges granting undergraduate, graduate, and professional degrees. The Kellogg School of Management, Medill School of Journalism, Feinberg School of Medicine, McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, School of Communication, School of Education and Social Policy, and School of Law are often ranked highly in their respective fields.^[3] Student enrollments include approximately 7,800 undergraduate and 6,300 graduate students.^[4] Northwestern competes in the NCAA's Division I and is a founding member of the Big Ten Conference.

History

Main article: History of Northwestern University

Founded in 1851 by Methodists from Chicago (including John Evans, after whom Evanston is named), Northwestern opened in Evanston in 1855 with two faculty members and ten students. The school’s nine founders, all of who were Methodists (three of them ministers), knelt in prayer and worship before launching their first organizational meeting.^[5] The University's name, Northwestern, came from its founders' desire to serve citizens of the states that occupied the area of the former Northwest Territory: Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and part of Minnesota. The original Evanston campus in 1855 consisted of only one building, a temporary structure called "Old College." University Hall, the first permanent building, was constructed in 1869. Northwestern built a campus in Chicago for the schools of law, medicine, and business in the 1920s.

The phrase on Northwestern's seal is Quaecumque sunt vera -- in Latin, "Whatsoever things are true" from Philippians 4:8. Also on Northwestern's seal, a Greek phrase inscribed on the pages of an open book: ho logos pleres charitos kai aletheias, which translates as "The Word... full of grace and truth." This phrase comes from the Gospel of John 1:14: "And the Word was made flesh, and dwelt among us, and we behold His glory, and the glory was of the only begotten of the Father, full of grace and truth." Both the Latin and Greek phrases express the values of the University's founders, and recall Northwestern's Methodist heritage.

Northwestern's founding charter granted the school a permanent exemption from paying property taxes. For this reason, Northwestern has often endured a difficult relationship with Evanston's government. Tensions have arisen regarding building codes, law enforcement, and politics. Recently, factions of Evanston's government have attempted to divide Northwestern's campus into several different wards, so as to reduce students' voting potency.

In 1873, the Evanston College for Ladies merged with Northwestern, and Frances Willard, who later gained fame as a suffragist, became the school's first dean of women. Northwestern first became co-educational in 1869 at the insistence of Dean Erastus Haven, and the first female student graduated in 1874. ^[6]

Purple became Northwestern's official school color in 1892^[7], replacing black and gold. A university committee thought that too many other universities used those colors. Contrary to popular belief, both white and purple are official colors. The University's Alma Mater mentions white in conjunction with purple ("Hail to purple, hail to white"), and both are listed in the university guidelines.^[2]

During the 1930s, Northwestern nearly merged with its academic rival, the University of Chicago.^[8] In 1933, Northwestern President Walter Scott and Chicago President Robert Hutchins concluded that in order to secure the future of both universities, it was in the best interest of both to merge as the Universities of Chicago, with Northwestern's Evanston campus serving undergraduates, Northwestern's Chicago campus serving professionals, and Chicago's Hyde Park campus serving postgraduates. What Scott and Hutchins initially envisioned as the preeminent university in the world was eventually extinguished by Northwestern's boards of trustees, a result that Hutchins called "one of the lost opportunities of American education." ^[8]

Northwestern hosted the first-ever NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship game in 1939. It took place in Patten Gymnasium, which was demolished and relocated farther north in order to make room for the Technological Institute.

In 1948, prominent anthropologist Melville J. Herskovits founded the Program of African Studies at Northwestern, the first center of its kind at an American academic institution.

In May 1978, the first Unabomber attack occurred at Northwestern University. The following year, the second Unabomber attack also occurred at Northwestern.

On January 11, 2003, in a speech at Northwestern School of Law's Lincoln Hall, Governor of Illinois George Ryan announced that he would commute the sentences of more than 150 death row inmates. Ryan said, "it is fitting that we are gathered here today at Northwestern University with the students, teachers, lawyers and investigators who first shed light on the sorrowful conditions of Illinois’ death penalty system."^[9] In the late 1990s, Northwestern student journalists uncovered information that exonerated Illinois death row inmate Anthony Porter two days before his scheduled execution.

Campuses

See also: List of Northwestern University buildings

Evanston

Northwestern's Evanston campus, home to the undergraduate program and the business school, runs north-south along a stretch of Sheridan Road. The north side of campus is home to the campus' fraternity quads, the Henry Crown Sports Pavilion and other athletic facilities, and the Technological Institute and science-related buildings. The south side of campus is home to the University's humanities buildings, music buildings, art buildings, and sorority quads. This division in building location, along with the fact that the south end of campus is closer to the downtown center of Evanston, creates a cultural difference between the students typically found on either end of the campus.

The university has five libraries on the Evanston campus and three on the Chicago campus. The libraries in total have over 9 million materials.^{[citation needed]}

Notable buildings and places on campus include the Mary and Leigh Block Museum of Art, Catalysis Center, Pick-Staiger Concert Hall, Dearborn Observatory, McCormick Tribune Center for use by students in the Medill School of Journalism, The Arthur and Gladys Pancoe-Evanston Northwestern Healthcare Life Sciences Pavillion, Ryan Hall, Ford Motor Company Engineering Design Center.

In the 1960s, the Evanston campus expanded its boundaries by constructing a lakefill in Lake Michigan. The 84 acres are now home to the Northwestern University Library, Norris University Center, Pick-Staiger Concert Hall, among other facilities.

The Chicago Transit Authority's elevated train running through Evanston is called the Purple Line, taking its name from Northwestern's school color. The Foster and Davis stations are within walking distance of the southern end of the campus, while the Noyes station is close to the northern end of the campus. The Central station is close to Ryan Field, Northwestern's football stadium. Northwestern's professional schools and hospital in downtown Chicago are about four blocks east of the Chicago station on the CTA Red Line.

The Chicago Transit Authority and Pace Suburban Bus Service have several bus routes that run through both campuses. The Evanston Davis Street Metra station serves the Northwestern campus in downtown Evanston as well, and the Evanston Central Street Metra station is near Ryan Field.

Chicago

Northwestern's Chicago campus is located in the city's Streeterville neighborhood, with close proximity to landmarks such as the John Hancock Center and Michigan Avenue. Its Ward Building was the first academic skyscraper in the country. The Chicago campus is home to the medical school and hospital, the law school, the part-time business school, and the School of Continuing Studies, which offers evening and weekend courses for working adults.

Academics

Profile

In the 2005-06 academic year, there were 7,826 undergraduates and 5,640 graduate students enrolled fulltime. [2]

In the class of 2009, 6.4% are black, 17.4% are Asian, 6.5% are Hispanic, 1.8% are multiracial and 67.9% are White. The class is 52.1% female and 47.9% male. The mean high school rank was the 94th percentile and the combined SAT score 1402 (out of 1600), marking the highest SAT average of any class in Northwestern history. This made Northwestern the most selective Big Ten university, as well as one of the most selective universities in the American Midwest. Of those enrolled in the class of 2009, 126 graduated as valedictorian of their high school class.^{[citation needed]}

For the undergraduate class of 2010, there were 18,385 total applicants, with 5,434 students being admitted (about 29%) and 2,062 enrolling as freshmen (about 38%).[3]

Of the 20,649 students that applied for admission to the Class of 2011 (an all-time record), 4,852 were accepted for an acceptance rate of 24.7%, a 5% decrease from the previous year (29% for the Class of 2010). Of those accepted, 1,975 chose to enroll. ^[11]The Class of 2011 has a mean SAT score of 1423, the highest average in NU history, and 86 percent ranked in the top ten percent of their high school class.^[12]

Faculty and administration

Main article: List of Northwestern University faculty

Northwestern has had fifteen presidents during its history, not including interim presidents. The current president is Henry Bienen.

Former notable faculty include artist Ed Paschke and Nobel Prize-winning chemist John Pople.

Current notable faculty include sexual psychologist J. Michael Bailey; Holocaust denier Arthur Butz ^[13] ; Kyoto Prize-winning philosopher Jurgen Habermas; military sociologist and "don't ask, don't tell" author Charles Moskos; Templeton Prize-winner Charles Taylor; Pulitzer Prize-winning historian Garry Wills; and MacArthur Fellowship recipients Stuart Dybek, Aleksandar Hemon, Jennifer Richeson, Amy Rosenzweig, and Mary Zimmerman.

Rankings

Northwestern University is ranked 14th among national universities by U.S.News & World Report (tied with Brown University and Johns Hopkins University),^[34] 29th among world universities and 22nd among universities in the Americas by Shanghai Jiao Tong University,^[35] and 15th in North America by The Times Higher Education Supplement,^[36] 42nd among national universities by Washington Monthly,^[37] 35th among world universities and 23rd among American universities by Newsweek,^[38] and in the 6th tier among national universities by The Center for Measuring University Performance.^[39]

USNWR ranks Northwestern's School of Law 12th,^[40] Kellogg School of Management 5th,^[41] Feinberg School of Medicine 21st in research and 44th in primary care,^[42] the McCormick School of Engineering 21st,^[43] and the School of Education and Social Policy 7th.^[44]

The Medill School of Journalism ranks among America's top three journalism, media, and advertising schools ^[45][46] Business Week ranks Northwestern's Kellogg School of Management as the best business school for executive MBA's and 3rd best overall, with respect to full-time MBA programs.^[47]

The Princeton Review ranks NU with the 12th best college newspaper, 3rd best college theater, and 5th worst town and gown relationship.^[48] Men's Fitness magazine named Northwestern the fifth-fittest college in America in 2005.^[49]

Schools and colleges

Northwestern University comprises 11 schools and colleges:

The Garrett-Evangelical Theological Seminary (1853) is also located on the Evanston campus, though it is only affiliated with the university.

Campus Life

Traditions

Northwestern University student traditions include:

• Originally a fountain that was donated by the Class of 1902, painting The Rock is now a way to advertise Greek organizations, student groups, and on-campus events.^[50]
  • Northwestern has several traditions for football games. For example, the Wildcat Growl is done when opposing teams control the ball. This works especially well in thwarting audibles on the field as the majority of home fans participate. Also, students jingle their keys at the beginning of each kickoff. Students used to throw marshmallows during football games, but this unusual tradition was discontinued at the behest of former football coach Gary Barnett.
  • The Clock Tower glows purple after a winning game, alternating sports with the season, announcing the results to a large part of the Evanston community. The Clock Tower remains purple until a loss or the end of the sports season. This is a recent change from the original tradition of lighting the Clock Tower purple only after winning football games, and keeping it purple during the off-season if the football team won its last game of the season.
  • Dance Marathon, a 30-hour philanthropic event, raises several hundred thousand dollars every winter. The 2007 "DM" raised in excess of $708,000.
  • Primal Scream is held at 9 p.m. on the Sunday before finals week every quarter. For the event, students lean out windows or gather in court yards and scream at the top of their lungs.^[51]
    • Armadillo Day, or more commonly Dillo Day, is held on Northwestern's Lakefill every Spring on the weekend before Memorial Day.^[52]

      Media

      The Daily Northwestern is the main student newspaper at Northwestern. It is published on weekdays during the academic year. Established in 1881, it is run entirely by undergraduates, many of whom are students at the Medill School of Journalism. The Daily is widely considered one of the best college newspapers in the country, a frequent winner of the Columbia Scholastic Press Association and the coveted Associated Collegiate Press Pacemaker award. Although it serves the Northwestern community, the Daily is not affiliated with the university and is supported entirely by advertisers. It is owned by the Students Publishing Company. Current circulation is in excess of 7,500 as The Daily Northwestern is the only daily publication for both Northwestern University and the city of Evanston.

      WNUR (89.3 FM) is a 7200 watt radio station that broadcasts to Chicago and its northern suburbs. It is the largest student-run radio station in the country. In 2003, WNUR was named the #1 college radio station in the country by Spin magazine. WNUR has also been recognized as a top US station by The Wire and is often cited as one of the major centers for the nascent indie music movement during the early 1990s. However, music is not the only part of WNUR's programming. Students broadcast Northwestern's varsity athletics (football, men's and women's basketball, baseball, softball, and lacrosse) live, produce news updates on weekdays, and discuss politics, current events, and literature.

      The Northwestern News Network, commonly known as NNN, is the student television news and sports operation at Northwestern. It broadcasts news and sports programming three days of the week during the academic year on NU Channel 1, online at nnntv.org and weeknights at 10 p.m. on Evanston cable access channel 6.

      North by Northwestern is a student-run online publication dedicated to campus life. It recently won first place in its region for Best All-Around Independent Online Student Publication from the Society of Professional Journalists.

      Other prominent student publications include the Northwestern Business Review, a business magazine; Helicon, a literary magazine; schmooze, a magazine for Jewish college students around the country; STITCH, a fashion and photography magazine; Blackboard, published by black student alliance For Members Only; Mustardseed, a Christian publication; NUde Magazine, which focuses on student culture and experiencing Chicago and The Protest, which is part of the Peace Project umbrella organization.

      Performing arts

      Student theater enjoys a highly visible presence on campus. Two annual productions are especially notable: the Waa-Mu^[53] show, and the Dolphin show. Waa-Mu is an original musical, written and produced almost entirely by students. The Dolphin Show is the nation's largest student produced musical. Children's theater is represented on campus by Griffin’s Tale and the recently formed Purple Crayon Players. In addition, Northwestern boasts the largest student-theatre community in the nation. Students produce over sixty independent productions each year. Many Northwestern alumni have used these productions as stepping stones to successful television and film careers. Chicago's Lookingglass Theatre was founded by several alumni, including David Schwimmer, and began in the Great Room in Jones Residential College.

      Northwestern also has a variety of improv groups. The improv and sketch comedy group Mee-Ow lists Julia Louis-Dreyfus, Dermot Mulroney, Ana Gasteyer, John Cameron Mitchell and Seth Meyers among its alumni. The Titanic Players are the oldest long-form improv group in the country. Mee-Ow, Titanic, and Out da Box, a multicultural comedy show, along with Northwestern's theatre department, have brought nation-wide attention to Northwestern's improv comedy training and performance.^{[citation needed]}

      There are also many a capella groups and a variety of dance companies on campus. Radio drama featuring student voice actors is a staple of WNUR's programming.

      Service

      Many Northwestern students are also heavily involved in community service. Annual events include Dance Marathon, a 30-hour event that raised over $708,000 for charity in 2007,(as cited in "Planting Seeds of Growth", the program for the 31st Annual Philanthropy Awards Luncheon hosted ay the Chicago Chapter of the Association of Fundraising Professionals on May 18, 2007)^{[citation needed]} Project Pumpkin, a Halloween celebration where over 800 local children are invited to campus for an afternoon of games and candy, and Suitcase Party.^{[citation needed]} Many students also assist with Special Olympics and take alternative spring break trips.^{[citation needed]} Northwestern students also participate in the Freshman urban program - a special program for students interested in community service. The Dance Marathon 07 organizers were awarded the Outstanding Youth in Philanthropy Award by the Chicago Chapter of the Association of Fundraising Professionals.

      Housing

      See also: List of Northwestern University residences

      Northwestern has diverse student housing options, including both regular residence halls and specially-themed "Residential Colleges." Some residential colleges include Jones Residential College, dedicated to the arts, multi-themed Willard Residential College, multi-themed Shepard Residential College, and the Communications Residential College (CRC) for students interested in communications.

      According to numbers posted by the Office of Fraternity and Sorority Life, 36% of students were affiliated with a fraternity or a sorority in Spring 2005. This is the highest percentage of students involved in Greek life among Big Ten universities.^{[citation needed]}

      Athletics

      Main article: Northwestern Wildcats

      Image:NorthwesternWildcats.png

      Northwestern University Wildcats

      A charter member of the Big Ten Conference and the only private institution in the conference, Northwestern has 19 intercollegiate athletic teams (8 men's and 11 women's) and numerous club sports.^{[citation needed]} The football team plays at Ryan Field (formerly known as Dyche Stadium); the basketball and volleyball teams play at Welsh-Ryan Arena.

      Northwestern's athletic teams are nicknamed the Wildcats. Before 1924, they were known as "The Purple" and unofficially as "The Fighting Methodists." The name Wildcats was bestowed upon the university in 1924 by Wallace Abbey, a writer for the Chicago Daily Tribune who wrote that even in a loss to the University of Chicago, "Football players had not come down from Evanston; wildcats would be a name better suited to [Coach Glenn] Thistletwaite's boys." ^[54]

      The name was so popular that university board members made "wildcats" the official nickname just months later. In 1972 the student body voted to change the official nickname from "Wildcats" to "Purple Haze" but the new name never really stuck.^{[citation needed]}

      Image:Lacrosse women.jpg

      2005 NCAA Women's Lacrosse Championship game between the Virginia Cavaliers and Northwestern Wildcats

      The Northwestern Athletics' mascot is Willie the Wildcat. However, the team's first mascot was not Willie, but a live, caged bear cub from the Lincoln Park Zoo named Furpaw. In fall 1923, Furpaw was driven to the playing field to greet the fans before each game. After a losing season, the team decided that Furpaw was the harbinger of bad luck and banished him from campus. Willie made his debut ten years later in 1933 as a logo, but did not actually come to life until 1947, when members of the Alpha Delta fraternity dressed up as him during the Homecoming parade.

      The Northwestern University Marching Band (NUMB) leads the students in cheers and spirit, providing strong links to the past and preserving Northwestern's oldest traditions. They perform the school's fight song, "Go U Northwestern".

      Image:Ryan Field.jpg

      Ryan Field, Northwestern's 49,000 seat football stadium

      Northwestern's football team has a history of futility, as it holds the all-time records for Division I-A losses, points allowed, and negative point differential (amount opponents have outscored them by), and is on the losing end of the greatest comeback in Division I-A history. Northwestern also holds the record for the longest losing streak in Division I-A, 32 games. However, the team has seen success in recent years, including trips to the 1996 Rose Bowl, 1997 Citrus Bowl, 2000 Alamo Bowl, 2003 Motor City Bowl and 2005 Sun Bowl. In addition to those winning seasons, Northwestern also enjoyed one of their most memorable Football victories in 2004, with an upset over usual Big Ten power Ohio State. The current coach is former All-American Northwestern linebacker Pat Fitzgerald.

      The Northwestern women's soccer team gained significant notoriety in 2006 when pictures of an alleged hazing incident involving new team members were found on Facebook and posted on Badjocks.com ^[55]

      Current successful athletic programs include men's soccer, wrestling, men's swimming, men's golf, women's tennis, softball, fencing and women's lacrosse. The women's lacrosse team is the defending three-time NCAA national champion, and went undefeated in 2005.

      Notable alumni

      Main article: List of Northwestern alumni

      Many Northwestern alumni play or have played important roles in Chicago and Illinois, such as current Illinois governor Rod Blagojevich, Chicago Bulls and Chicago White Sox owner Jerry Reinsdorf, and theater director Mary Zimmerman.

      Northwestern's film and theater programs have also produced a steady stream of talented actors, actresses, and filmmakers. Alumni who have made their mark on film and television include Academy Award-winner Charlton Heston, Ann-Margret, Warren Beatty, David Schwimmer, Zach Braff, Marg Helgenberger, and Stephen Colbert. Alumni such as Stephanie D'Abruzzo, Heather Headley, Lily Rabe, and Walter Kerr have seen prominence on Broadway. Amsterdam-based comedy theater Boom Chicago was founded by Northwestern alumni, and the school has become a training ground for future The Second City, I.O., ComedySportz, Mad TV and Saturday Night Live talent.

      The Medill School of Journalism has produced notable journalists such as Elisabeth Bumiller, ESPN personalities Mike Greenberg (also host of Duel on ABC) and Wilbon (cohost of PTI), and CNN anchor Nicole Lapin. Garry Marshall, Happy Days producer and movie director, is also a Medill alumnus.

      Northwestern alumni involved in music include Thomas Tyra, Andrew Bird, Matt Muckey, M. Superlatif, Julie Liu, Jen Charowhas, and members of Arcade Fire, The Lawrence Arms, Chavez, Freddie Feldman, and OK Go.

      Northwestern alumni living in New York City and Los Angeles, especially those involved in theater and film, are commonly known as the "Northwestern Mafia" due to their high concentration in the area and their willingness to help out fellow Wildcats [4]. They were referenced in an episode of Joey, in which Matt LeBlanc's character pretends to be a Northwestern alumnus in order to improve his industry connections.

      Northwestern alumni involved in professional sports administration include Rick Sund (NBA) and Billy McKinney (NBA).

      References in popular culture

      • Fictional alumni of Northwestern include: Josie Geller (Drew Barrymore; Never Been Kissed), Andrea Sachs (Anne Hathaway; The Devil Wears Prada), Natalie Hurley (Sabrina Lloyd; Sports Night), Augie March (The Adventures of Augie March), Sara Tancredi (Sarah Wayne Callies; Prison Break), Liz Lemon and Jenna Maroney (Tina Fey and Jane Krakowski; 30 Rock), Danny Tripp (Bradley Whitford; Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip), Cheryl (Melanie Nicholls-King; The Wire), Teri Joseph (Nicole Ari Parker; Soul Food), Gomez (The Time Traveler's Wife), Lee (Jonny Lee Miller; Melinda and Melinda), Harry's wife (When Harry Met Sally), PJ Franklin and Brendan Dorff; (My Boys) and Dr. Temperance "Bones" Brennan (Emily Deschanel; Bones), Jenny McIntyre and Rick Purdy (Marisa Coughlan and Chris Gartin; Side Order of Life).
      • Fictional Northwestern students include Aaron Samuels (Jonathan Bennett; Mean Girls), Catherine Llewellyn (Gwyneth Paltrow in the film adaptation; Proof), Hannah (Jennifer Garner; Felicity), and Jim Levenstein (Jason Biggs; American Pie 2)
      • Fictional Northwestern faculty include Mrs. Heron (Ana Gasteyer; Mean Girls) and Dr. Adani (Shohreh Aghdashloo; The Exorcism of Emily Rose).
      • Fictional applicants to Northwestern include: Buffy Summers (Sarah Michelle Gellar; Buffy The Vampire Slayer), Liz Parker (Shiri Appleby; Roswell), Carmen (Masiela Lusha; George Lopez), and Moesha (Brandy Norwood, Moesha).
      • Daniel Cosgrove's character, Richard "Dick" Bagg, in Van Wilder interviews with representatives from Northwestern's medical school.
      • Steve Martin's character in Cheaper by the Dozen coaches football at a university that is clearly supposed to be Northwestern.^[56] The script originally mentioned Northwestern by name and the filmmakers wanted to use the school specifically, but the university declined.^[57] Nonetheless, several synopses of the movie (for instance, the description on Netflix) still list the school as Northwestern.^[58]
        • Mena Suvari's character in American Pie is thinking of applying to Northwestern, but says that the essays are pretty tough.
        • Meadow Soprano, the daughter in HBO's The Sopranos, declares her intention to transfer from Columbia University in New York to Northwestern.
        • Twins Brenda (Shannen Doherty) and Brandon (Jason Priestly) Walsh on the popular television show Beverly Hills, 90210 both considered Northwestern before deciding to attend the fictional California University.
        • Major League's' "library scene" was filmed at Northwestern's Deering Library.
        • Matt Le Blanc's character in Joey lies to a film producer about having graduated from Northwestern to get an audition in a TV show.
        • Jennifer Aniston's character's love interest in The Break Up tells her that he graduated from Northwestern.
        • Matthew Perry's character in Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip mentions that his nephew is applying to Northwestern.
        • In License to Wed, both Ben Murphy (John Krasinski) and Sadie Jones (Mandy Moore) wear Northwestern t-shirts.
        • In The Weather Man, Robert Spritzel (Michael Caine) is tested for lymphoma at Northwestern.
        • In the movie trailer for College Road Trip, the father of Raven-Symone's character wants her to forgo Georgetown for Northwestern.

        External links

        

        Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

        Northwestern University

        Official University Sites Northwestern University Northwestern Undergraduate Admissions Northwestern University Libraries Maps of Campuses Northwestern University Facts Alumni Groups Alumni Association Student Publications Official Daily Newspaper - The Daily Northwestern Independent Weekly Newspaper - The Northwestern Chronicle Catalog of Student Groups North by Northwestern - daily independent magazine

        Athletics Official athletics website Northwestern University is at coordinates 42°03′18″N 87°40′26″W / 42.054853, -87.673945 (Northwestern University)Coordinates: 42°03′18″N 87°40′26″W / 42.054853, -87.673945 (Northwestern University)

        Notes and references

        1. ^ NU Endowment. Retrieved on 2008-01-25.
        2. ^ ^{a b} Guidelines, Northwestern Identity System, Publications, Northwestern University. Retrieved on 2007-09-26.
        3. ^ Zmirak, John (2005). Choosing the Right College: The Whole Truth about America's Top Schools 2006. Intercollegiate Studies Institute, 689. 
        4. ^ Northwestern Facts. Retrieved on 2007-06-15.
        5. ^ Keeping the Faith. Northwestern. Retrieved on 2007-07-20.
        6. ^ Records of the Evanston College for Ladies, northwestern University Archives [1]
        7. ^ Events in Northwestern History. Retrieved on 2007-10-04.
        8. ^ ^{a b} The deal that almost was: 'The Universities of Chicago'. Retrieved on 2007-03-29.
        9. ^ Pat Vaughan Tremmel (January 23, 2003). Death penalty history made at Northwestern. Retrieved on 2007-03-29.
        10. ^ http://www.northwestern.edu/about/history/timeline1949
        11. ^ http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=607382&mc=9&forum_id=1#7869541
        12. ^ http://www.northwestern.edu/magazine/fall2007/presidentsletter/president.html
        13. ^ Arthur Butz.Anti Defamation League: Arthur Butz
        14. ^ U.S. News and World Report (2008). America's Best Colleges 2008: National Universities: Top Schools. U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved on 2008-02-18.
        15. ^ U.S. News and World Report (2007). America's Best Colleges 2008: Liberal Arts Colleges: Top Schools. U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved on 2008-02-18.
        16. ^ U.S. News and World Report (2007). America's Best Graduate Schools 2008: Top Business Schools. U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved on 2008-02-18.
        17. ^ U.S. News and World Report (2007). America's Best Graduate Schools 2008: Top Law Schools. U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved on 2008-02-18.
        18. ^ U.S. News and World Report (2007). America's Best Graduate Schools 2008: Top Medical Schools - Research. U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved on 2008-02-18.
        19. ^ U.S. News and World Report (2007). America's Best Graduate Schools 2008: Top Medical Schools - Primary Care. U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved on 2008-02-18.
        20. ^ U.S. News and World Report (2007). America's Best Graduate Schools 2008: Top Engineering Schools. U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved on 2008-02-18.
        21. ^ U.S. News and World Report (2007). America's Best Graduate Schools 2008: Top Education Schools. U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved on 2008-02-18.
        22. ^ Shanghai Jiao Tong University (2007). Academic Ranking of World Universities 2007. Institute of Higher Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Retrieved on 2008-02-19.
        23. ^ Shanghai Jiao Tong University (2007). Academic Ranking of World Universities 2007. Institute of Higher Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Retrieved on 2008-02-19.
        24. ^ Shanghai Jiao Tong University (2008). Top 100 world universities in Natural Sciences and Mathematics. Institute of Higher Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Retrieved on 2008-02-19.
        25. ^ Shanghai Jiao Tong University (2008). Top 100 world universities in Engineering/Technology and Computer Sciences. Institute of Higher Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Retrieved on 2008-02-19.
        26. ^ Shanghai Jiao Tong University (2008). Top 100 world universities in Life and Agriculture Sciences. Institute of Higher Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Retrieved on 2008-02-19.
        27. ^ Shanghai Jiao Tong University (2008). Top 100 world universities in Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy. Institute of Higher Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Retrieved on 2008-02-19.
        28. ^ Shanghai Jiao Tong University (2008). Top 100 world universities in Social Sciences. Institute of Higher Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Retrieved on 2008-02-19.
        29. ^ Newsweek. "The World's 100 Most Global Universities". Newsweek. Retrieved on 2007-04-15. 
        30. ^ The Times (2006). World University Rankings. The Times Higher Educational Supplement. Retrieved on 2007-04-15.
        31. ^ The Times (2006). World University Rankings. The Times Higher Educational Supplement. Retrieved on 2007-04-15.
        32. ^ CMUP (2006). The Top American Research Universities: 2006 Annual Report (PDF). Center for Measuring University Performance. Retrieved on 2007-04-15.
        33. ^ The Washington Monthly (2007). The Washington Monthly National University Rankings (PDF). The Washington Monthly. Retrieved on 2008-02-20.
        34. ^ America's Best Colleges 2007. U.S. News & World Report (2007). Retrieved on 2007-04-15.
        35. ^ Academic Ranking of World Universities 2007. Institute of Higher Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (2007). Retrieved on 2007-10-07.
        36. ^ World University Rankings. The Times Higher Educational Supplement (2006). Retrieved on 2007-04-15.
        37. ^ The Washington Monthly College Rankings. The Washington Monthly (2006). Retrieved on 2007-04-15.
        38. ^ "The World's 100 Most Global Universities". Newsweek. Retrieved on 2007-04-15. 
        39. ^ The Top American Research Universities: 2006 Annual Report (2006). Retrieved on 2007-04-15.
        40. ^ Top Law Schools. U.S. News & World Report (2007). Retrieved on 2007-04-15.
        41. ^ Top Business Schools. U.S. News & World Report (2007). Retrieved on 2007-04-15.
        42. ^ Top Medical Schools. U.S. News & World Report (2007). Retrieved on 2007-04-15.
        43. ^ Top Engineering Schools. U.S. News & World Report (2007). Retrieved on 2007-04-15.
        44. ^ Top Education Schools. U.S. News & World Report (2007). Retrieved on 2007-04-15.
        45. ^ Texas Advertising: Department - Reputation. Retrieved on 2007-03-29.
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