Pope Innocent II
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Categories: Articles contradicting other articles | Italian popes | 12th century Roman Catholic bishops | Popes | People from Rome (city) | Year of birth unknown | 1143 deaths
|
"Gregorio Papareschi" redirects here. For the cardinal-nephew, see Gregorio Cardinal Papareschi.
Pope Innocent II (died September 24, 1143), born Gregorio Papareschi, was Pope from 1130 to 1143, and was probably one of the clergy in personal attendance on the antipope Clement III (Guibert of Ravenna).
Early lifeHe was a Roman by birth.<unknown> CardinalPope Paschal II (1099–1118) made him a Cardinal Deacon. In this capacity, he accompanied Pope Gelasius II (1118–19) when driven into France; and by Pope Calixtus II (1119–24), he was appointed on various important missions, such as on that to Worms for concluding the peace accord with the Emperor in 1122 (see Concordat of Worms), and on that to France in 1123. Papacy
 In 1130, as Pope Honorius II lay dying, the cardinals decided to entrust the election to a commission of eight men, led by papal chancellor Haimeric, who had his candidate Cardinal Gregory Papareschi hastily elected as Pope Innocent II. He was consecrated on February 14, the day after Honorius' death. The other cardinals announced that Innocent had not been canonically elected and chose Cardinal Pietro Pierleoni, a Roman whose family were the enemy of Haimeric's supporters, the Frangipani, who took the name Pope Anacletus II. Anacletus' mixed group of supporters were powerful enough to take control of Rome while Innocent was forced to flee North; based on a simple majority of the entire college of cardinals, Anacletus was the canonically elected Pope, and Innocent was the anti-Pope. However, the majority of the cardinal bishops supported Innocent, which according to the legislation of Pope Nicholas II (in the famous decree of 1059) pre-empted the choice of the majority of the cardinal priests and cardinal deacons. This rule was changed by the II Lateran Council in 1139. Anacletus had control of Rome, so Innocent II took ship for Pisa, and thence sailed by Genoa to France, where the influence of Bernard of Clairvaux readily secured his cordial recognition by the clergy and the court; in October of the same year he was duly acknowledged by Lothar II of Germany and his bishops at the synod of Würzburg. In January 1131, he had also a favourable interview with Henry I of England (1100–35); and in August 1132 Lothar II undertook an expedition to Italy for the double purpose of setting aside Anacletus as antipope and of being crowned by Innocent. The coronation ultimately took place in the Lateran church (June 4, 1133), but otherwise the expedition proved abortive. A second expedition by Lothar II in 1136 was not more decisive in its results, and the protracted struggle between the rival pontiffs was terminated only by the death of Anacletus II on January 25, 1138. Second Lateran CouncilBy the Second Lateran council of 1139, at which Roger II of Sicily (1130–54), Innocent II's most uncompromising foe, was excommunicated, peace was at last restored to the Church. The remaining years of this Pope's life were almost as barren of permanent results as the first had been; his efforts to undo the mischief wrought in Rome by the long schism were almost entirely neutralized by a struggle with the town of Tivoli in which he became involved, and by a quarrel with Louis VII of France (1137–80), in the course of which that kingdom was laid under an interdict. Treaty of MignanoIn 1143, Innocent refused to recognise the Treaty of Mignano with Roger of Sicily, who sent Robert of Selby to march on papal Benevento. Mignano was recognised. Innocent II died on September 24, 1143 and was succeeded by Pope Celestine II (1143–44). The doctrinal questions in which he was called on to decide were those connected with the opinions of Pierre Abélard and Arnold of Brescia. The Historia Compostelana, composed in Galicia (Spain) for the bishop of Santiago de Compostela, provides information on the details of the disputed election of 1130. See alsoReferences
cs:Inocenc II. de:Innozenz II. es:Inocencio II fr:Innocent II gl:Inocencio II, papa ko:교황 인노첸시오 2세 id:Paus Innosensius II it:Papa Innocenzo II jv:Paus Innosentius II sw:Papa Innocent II la:Innocentius II lt:Inocentas II hu:II. Ince pápa mr:पोप इनोसंट दुसरा nl:Paus Innocentius II pl:Innocenty II pt:Papa Inocêncio II ro:Papa Inocenţiu al II-lea ru:Иннокентий II (папа римский) fi:Innocentius II sv:Innocentius II th:สมเด็จพระสันตะปาปาอินโนเซนต์ที่ 2 uk:Іннокентій II | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
