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Protected areas of the People's Republic of China

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This article lists the protected areas (national level only) of the People's Republic of China. There are many forms of protected areas in China. Based on their relative importance, each type of protected area can be further graded into two to three levels (national, provincial and city/county level). Nevertheless, the highest rank for "pocket nature reserve" (social- and mass-based), "no-hunting area", "no-fishing area" "forest trees germplasm resources conservation area" or "source water protection area" is practically restricted to provincial level. The local government at county level is also responsible for the delimitation and declaration of "basic farmland protection area" and "basic grassland". Ministry of Agriculture has also set up a fishing prohibited area in the Yangtze Valley and imposed a closed season during the spring period. Qinling National Botanical Gardens, said to be the world's largest (458 km²), is still under construction. It is a comprehensive botanical garden combining both the on-site and off-site conservation methods.

Take note that many protected areas in China have multiple official designations, and the statutory boundaries of these multi-designated PAs may be identical or varied.

For instance, the boundaries of Huangshan NP are coincided with those of the Huangshan NGP, whereas the Wuyi Mountains' NNR, NP and NFP in Fujian are adjacent to each other, and 27,642.14 hectares out of 115,340.27 hectares of Heilongjiang's Huzhong NFP is intersected with the experiment zone of Huzhong NNR.

Contents

National Nature Reserves of China

Ratification Authority: State Council. Total Number of NNRs: 303 (2008); Total Number of NRs: 2,395 (as of 2006)

National Parks of China

Ratification Authority: State Council. Total Number of NPs: 187 (2007); Total Number of Ps: 667 (as of 2006)

National Geoparks of China

Ratification Authority: Ministry of Land and Resources. Total Number of NGPs: 138 (2007); Total Number of GPs: 242 (as of 2006)

National Mineparks of China

Ratification Authority: Ministry of Land and Resources. Total Number of NMPs: 28 (2007); Total Number of MPs: unknown

National Typical Earthquake Sites of China

Ratification Authority: China Seismological Bureau. Total Number of NTESs: 6 (2007)

  • Shandong
    • Site of Seismically Active Fault at Maipo, Tancheng
    • Site of Collapse and Crack Earthquake at Xiong'er Hill, Zaozhuang
  • Yunnan
    • Site of Large Earthquake-Formed "Tiankeng" at Hongshiya, Yongsheng ("Tiankeng": "Sky Pit" or Massive Sinkhole)

†: The official name is yet to be verified.

State-Protected Wetlands of China

Ratification Authority: State Environmental Protection Administration. Total Number of SPWs: 33

Note: Most of the wetlands in the List of State-Protected Wetlands were eventually incorporated into the China List of Wetlands of National Importance in the 2000. The latter, consisting of 173 sites in total, should be seen as merely a title given to an area instead of a protected area designated for management purposes.

National Forest Parks of China

Ratification Authority: State Forestry Administration. Total Number of NFPs: 686 (2008); Total Number of FPs: 2,067 (as of 2006)

National Thematic Gardens of China

Ratification Authority: State Forestry Administration. Total Number of NTGs: 3 (2007)

National Wetland Parks of China

Ratification Authority: State Forestry Administration. Total Number of NWPs: 18 (2007); Total Number of WPs: unknown

National Urban Wetland Parks of China

Ratification Authority: Ministry of Construction. Total Number of NUWPs: 26 (2007) Total Number of UWPs: unknown

National Public Parks of China

Ratification Authority: Ministry of Construction. Total Number of NPPs: 20 (2007) Total Number of Urban Public Parks: unknown

National Water Parks of China

Ratification Authority: Ministry of Water Resources. Total Number of NWPs: 272 (2007); Total Number of PWPs: ≈1,000 (as of 2006)

National Soil Erosion Preventive and Control Areas of China

Ratification Authority: Ministry of Water Resources. Total Number of NSEPCAs: 42 (2007); Total Number of SEPCAs: unknown

  • Key Preventive Protection Areas
    • Greater Hinggan Range (Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia)
    • Hulun Buir (Inner Mongolia)
    • Changbai Mountains (Jilin)
    • River Luanhe (Beijing, Hebei)
    • Heihe River Oasis (Gansu, Qinghai, Inner Mongolia)
    • Tarim River Oasis (Xinjiang)
    • Ziwu Range (Shaanxi, Gansu)
    • Liupan Mountains (Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia)
    • Source Areas of Yangtze River, Yellow River and Lancang River (Qinghai, Gansu)
    • Upstream Area of Jinsha River (Sichuan)
    • Upstream Area of River Minjiang (Qinghai, Sichuan)
    • Upstream Area of River Hanjiang (Hubei, Shaanxi)
    • Tongbai Mountains and Dabie Mountains (Anhui, Hubei, Henan)
    • Xin'an River (Anhui, Zhejiang)
    • Upstream Areas of River Xiangjiang, River Zishui and River Yuanjiang (Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Chongqing)
    • Upstream Area of River Dongjiang (Guangdong, Jiangxi)
  • Key Monitoring Areas
    • Liaoning Metallurgical and Coal Mining Exploitation Area
    • Coal Exploitation Area Bordering Shanxi, Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia
    • Oil and Natural Gas Exploitation Area Bordering Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia and Inner Mongolia
    • Nonferrous Metal Exploitation Area Bordering Henan, Shaanxi and Shanxi
    • Southeast Coastal Development Area (Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong)
    • Xinjiang Oil and Natural Gas Exploitation Area
    • Three Gorges Reservoir Area (Hubei, Chongqing)
  • Key Rehabilitative Areas
    • Black Soil Area of Northeast China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia)
    • Mid- and Up-Stream Areas of Xi Liaohe River and Daling River (Inner Mongolia, Liaoning)
    • Yongding River (Beijing, Hebei, Shanxi)
    • Taihang Mountains (Hebei, Shanxi)
    • Sediment-Laden and Coarse Sand Producing Area between Hekou Town and Longmen of Midstream Yellow River (Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Shaanxi)
    • Upstream Areas of River Jinghe and Bei Luohe River (Gansu, Shaanxi, Ningxia)
    • Upstream Areas of Zuli River and River Weihe (Gansu, Ningxia)
    • Mid- and Down-Stream Areas of River Huangshui and River Taohe (Gansu, Qinghai)
    • River Yihe, River Luohe and Sanmenxia Reservoir Area (Henan, Shanxi)
    • Yimeng Mountains (Shandong)
    • Up- and Mid-Stream Area of Jialing River (Gansu, Shaanxi, Sichuan)
    • Danjiang Estuary Water Source Area (Henan, Hubei, Chongqing, Shaanxi)
    • Three Gorges Reservoir Area (Hubei, Chongqing)
    • Downstream Area of Jinsha River (Sichuan, Yunnan)
    • Up- and Mid-Stream Areas of River Wujiang and Chishui River (Guizhou, Sichuan, Chongqing)
    • Midstream Areas of River Xiangjiang, River Zishui, River Yuanjiang and River Lishui (Hunan)
    • Upstream Area of River Ganjiang (Jiangxi)
    • Pearl River and Nan & Bei Panjiang Rivers (Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan)
    • Up- and Mid-Stream Area of River Honghe (Yunnan)

National Protection Forests and Forests for Special Uses of China

Ratification Authority: State Council.

National Ecological Function Conservation Areas of China

Ratification Authority: State Council; Preapproved by the State Environmental Protection Administration. Total Number of NEFCAs: 20 (2007); Total Number of EFCAs: unknown

Note: "National Ecological Function Conservation Area" is a pilot program, pending State Council approval.

National Marine Special Conservation Areas of China

Ratification Authority: State Oceanic Administration. Total Number of NMSCAs: 6 (2008); Total Number of MSCAs: 7 (as of 2006)

National Aquatic Germplasm Resources Conservation Areas of China

Ratification Authority: Ministry of Agriculture. Total Number of NAGRCAs: 40 (2007); Total Number of AGRCAs: unknown

  • Heilongjiang
    • Ussuri Cisco National Aquatic Germplasm Resources Conservation Area at Luobei Section of Heilong River [Coregonus ussuriensis]
    • Pan'guhe Lenok and Burbot National Aquatic Germplasm Resources Conservation Area [Brachymystax lenok (Pallas) ], [Lota lota (Linnaeus) ]
  • Fujian
    • Guanjingyang Croceine Croaker National Aquatic Germplasm Resources Conservation Area [Pseudosciaena crocea]
  • Sichuan
    • Endemic Fish Species National Aquatic Germplasm Resources Conservation Area at Upper Yellow River [Trans-Province]
  • Gansu
    • Huanghe Liujiaxia Silurus lanzhouensis National Aquatic Germplasm Resources Conservation Area
    • Endemic Fish Species National Aquatic Germplasm Resources Conservation Area at Upper Yellow River [Trans-Province]

National Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources Conservation Areas of China

Ratification Authority: Ministry of Agriculture. Total Number of NLPGRCAs: to be announced; Total Number of LPGRCAs: unknown

National Wild Medicinal Material Resources Conservation Areas of China

Ratification Authority: State Council. Total Number of NWMMRCAs: theoretically allowed by law but no designation thus far; Total Number of WMMRCAs: unknown

National In-Situ Conservation Areas for State-Protected Agricultural Wild Plants in China

Ratification Authority: Ministry of Agriculture. Total Number of NICAs: unknown; Total Number of ICAs: 67 (as of 2005)

Note: The situation of in-situ conservation areas for the state-protected agricultural wild plants in China is somewhat complicated. The conservation area construction projects at various levels (including national/provincial in-situ conservation areas and local in-situ conservation spots) are all officially approved and financially supported by the Ministry of Agriculture. The list of in-situ conservation areas for the state-protected agricultural wild plants in Chongqing (all have official documents to prove that they are "national-level" in nature) below may serve as an example of this category of protected area.

    • Kaixian National Wild Soybean In-Situ Conservation Area [Glycine soja]
    • Jiangjin National Wild Soybean In-Situ Conservation Area
    • Yunyang National Wild Soybean In-Situ Conservation Area
    • Youyang National Golden Buckwheat In-Situ Conservation Area [Fagopyrum dibotrys]
    • Shizhu National Water Shield In-Situ Conservation Area [Brasenia schreberi]

National Grass Germplasm Resources Conservation Areas of China

Ratification Authority: Ministry of Agriculture. Total Number of NGGRCAs: theoretically allowed by law but no designation thus far; Total Number of GGRCAs: unknown

See also

Protected areas by territory

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