Ruby on Rails
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Categories: Web application frameworks | Web 2.0 | Free development toolkits and libraries | 2004 introductions
Ruby on Rails is a free web application framework. It aims to increase the speed and ease with which database-driven web sites can be created, and offers skeleton code frameworks (scaffolding) from the outset. Often shortened to Rails, or RoR, Ruby on Rails is an open source project written in the Ruby programming language, and applications using the Rails framework are developed using the Model-View-Controller design paradigm.
PhilosophyThe fundamental Ruby on Rails principles include Convention over Configuration (CoC) and Don't repeat yourself (DRY). "Convention over Configuration" means a developer only needs to specify unconventional aspects of the application. For example, if there's a class Sale in the model, the corresponding table in the database is called sales by default. It is only if one deviates from this convention, such as calling the table "products_sold", that one needs to write code regarding these names. "Don't repeat yourself" means that information is located in a single, unambiguous place. For example, using ActiveRecord, the developer does not need to specify database column names in class definitions. Instead, Ruby can retrieve this information from the database. HistoryImage:David Heinemeier Hansson.jpg
David Heinemeier Hansson, the creator of Ruby on Rails
Ruby on Rails was extracted by David Heinemeier Hansson from his work on Basecamp, a project management tool by the web design (now web application) company 37signals.[1] It was first released to the public in July 2004. In August 2006 Apple announced that it would ship Ruby on Rails with Mac OS X v10.5 Leopard,[2] which was released in October 2007. Technical overviewLike many contemporary web frameworks, Rails uses the Model-View-Controller (MVC) architecture for organizing application programming. Rails provides 'out of the box' scaffolding which can quickly construct most of the models and views needed for a basic website. Other helpful development tools come with or are installed with Rails, such as the WEBrick web server, and the Rake build system. Rails is also noteworthy for its extensive use of the JavaScript libraries Prototype and Script.aculo.us for Ajax and its graphical interface. For web services Rails initially supported lightweight SOAP; later it was replaced by RESTful web services. The recommended REST-based programming structure changed drastically in version 1.2. Framework structureRuby on Rails divides itself into various packages, namely ActiveRecord, ActiveResource, ActionPack, ActiveSupport and ActionMailer. (Prior to version 2.0, Rails also included the Action Web Service package which is now replaced by Active Resource.) Apart from standard packages, developers can make plugins to extend existing packages. Legal issuesIn March 2007 David Heinemeier Hansson filed three Rails related trademark applications to the USPTO. These applications regard the phrase "RUBY ON RAILS",[3] the word "RAILS"[4] and the official Rails logo.[5] As a consequence, in the summer of 2007 Hansson denied to Apress the permission to use the Rails logo on the cover of a new Rails book written by some authoritative community members. The episode gave rise to a polite protest in the Rails community.[6][7] In response to this criticism, Hansson made the following claims:[8]
See alsoReferences
External links Wikibooks has a book on the topic of
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