Saint Matthias

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Categories: 1st century deaths | Christian martyrs of the Roman era | Eastern Orthodox saints | Saints from the Holy Land | Twelve apostles

This article is about the New Testament figure. For other uses, see Saint Matthias (disambiguation).

Saint Matthias

Apostle
Born	unknown
Died	80 AD
Feast	May 14 (Roman Catholic Church, Anglican Communion), August 9 (Eastern Orthodox), February 24 (Lutheran Church), 24 February or (in leap years) 25 February (Traditionalist Catholics)
Patronage	alcoholism; carpenters; Gary, Indiana; Great Falls-Billings, Montana; smallpox; tailors
Image:Gloriole.svg Saints Portal

In the New Testament Acts of the Apostles, the author of the Gospel of Luke records that Saint Matthias was the Apostle chosen by the remaining eleven apostles to replace Judas Iscariot, following Judas's betrayal of Jesus and his suicide (Acts 1:21-26).

1 Biography
2 Writings
3 Veneration
4 References
5 External links

Biography

There is no mention of a Matthias among the lists of disciples in the three synoptic gospels. According to Acts 1, in the days following the Ascension of Jesus, Peter proposed to the assembled disciples, who numbered about one hundred and twenty, that they choose one to fill the place of the traitor Judas in the apostolate:

23.So they proposed two men: Joseph called Barsabbas (also known as Justus) and Matthias. 24.Then they prayed, "Lord, you know everyone's heart. Show us which of these two you have chosen 25.to take over this apostolic ministry, which Judas left to go where he belongs." 26.Then they cast lots, and the lot fell to Matthias; so he was added to the eleven apostles.

Eduard Zeller declared this narrative is inconsistent with the history of the Apostles' movements, in that the Apostles were in Galilee after the Crucifixion. However, the Acts of the Apostles clearly states (i.12) that they returned to Jerusalem.

No further information about Matthias is to be found in the canonical New Testament. Even his name is variable: the Syriac version of Eusebius calls him throughout not Matthias but "Tolmai", i.e. Bartholomew, without confusing him with the Bartholomew who was originally one of the twelve Apostles; Clement of Alexandria says some identified him with Zacchaeus; the Clementine Recognitions identify him with Barnabas; Hilgenfeld thinks he is the same as Nathanael in the Gospel of John.

According to Nicephorus (Historia eccl., 2, 40), Matthias first preached the Gospel in Judea, then in Ethiopia (made out to be a synonym for the geographically quite separate Colchis, now Caucasian Georgia) and was crucified in Colchis. A marker placed in the ruins of the Roman fortress at Gonio (Apsaros) in the modern Georgian region of Adjara claims that Matthias is buried at that site.

The Synopsis of Dorotheus contains this tradition:

Matthias in interiore Æthiopia, ubi Hyssus maris portus et Phasis fluvius est, hominibus barbaris et carnivoris praedicavit Evangelium. Mortuus est autem in Sebastopoli, ibique prope templum Solis sepultus. ("Matthias preached the Gospel to barbarians and meat-eaters in the interior of Ethiopia, where the sea harbor of Hyssus is, at the mouth of the river Phasis. He died at Sebastopolis, and was buried there, near the Temple of the Sun.")

An extant Coptic Acts of Andrew and Matthias, places his activity similarly in "the city of the cannibals" in Ethiopia.

Alternately, another tradition maintains that Matthias was stoned at Jerusalem by the Jews, and then beheaded (cf. Tillemont, Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire ecclesiastique des six premiers siècles, I, 406-7).

According to Hippolytus of Rome, Matthias died of old age in Jerusalem.

Clement of Alexandria observed (Stromateis vi.13.):

Not that they became apostles through being chosen for some distinguished peculiarity of nature, since also Judas was chosen along with them. But they were capable of becoming apostles on being chosen by Him who foresees even ultimate issues. Matthias, accordingly, who was not chosen along with them, on showing himself worthy of becoming an apostle, is substituted for Judas.

Writings

The lost Gospel of Matthias was attributed to Matthias.

Veneration

The Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church venerates St. Matthias on May 14. Prior to 1970, his feast was celebrated on February 24. Owing to changes stemming from the Second Vatican Council, St. Matthias' feast day was moved to May 14. The purported reason for the move was to celebrate St. Matthias' feast outside of Lent and closer to the Solemnity of the Ascension.^[1] Traditional Roman Catholics continue to observe St. Matthias' feast day on February 24 or in leap year on February 25 (see General Roman Calendar as in 1954).

The Eastern Orthodox Church celebrates his feast on August 9.

The Church of England's Book of Common Prayer liturgy celebrates Matthias on February 24. According to the newer Common Worship liturgy he is celebrated on May 14 with a festival, although he may be celebrated on February 24, if desired. In the Episcopal church, his feast is on May 14 ^[2]

It is claimed that St. Matthias the Apostle's remains are interred in the oldest German town, Trier, at the Abbey of St. Matthias, and were brought there through Empress Helena, mother of Emperor Constantine I (the Great). However, according to Greek sources, the remains of the apostle are buried in the castle of Gonio-Apsaros, Georgia.

References

^ Calendarium Romanum (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1969), p. 117
^ Oremus.org web site

External links

Catholic Encyclopedia: St. Matthias

This article incorporates text from the public-domain Catholic Encyclopedia of 1913.

v • d • e The Twelve Apostles of Jesus Christ
Simon Peter · Andrew · James, son of Zebedee · John the Apostle · Philip · Bartholomew · Thomas Matthew · James, son of Alphaeus · Jude · Simon the Zealot · Judas Iscariot · Matthias · Paul