Triple modular redundancy
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For other uses of "TMR", see TMR.
In computing, triple modular redundancy (TMR) is a fault tolerant form of N-modular redundancy, in which three systems perform a process and that result is processed by a voting system to produce a single output. If any one of the three systems fails, the other two systems can correct and mask the fault. If the voter fails then the complete system will fail. However, in a good TMR system the voter is much more reliable than the other TMR components. Alternatively, if there is another stage of TMR logic following the current one, then three voters can be used - one for each copy of the next stage of logic. The TMR concept can be applied to many forms of redundancy, such as software redundancy in the form of N-version programming. Some ECC memory uses triple modular redundancy hardware (rather than the more common Hamming code), because triple modular redundancy hardware is faster than Hamming error correction hardware.[citation needed] [1] Satellite systems often use TMR[2] [3] [4] [5], although satellite RAM usually uses Hamming error correction[6]. See also |
