This article is about the British university. For the Canadian university, see York University. The University of York is a campus university in York, England, United Kingdom. Established in 1963, York has expanded to more than 30 departments and centres, covering a wide range of subjects. In the last Research Assessment Exercise York was named the 6th best research institution in the UK[3].
Situated on the outskirts of the city of York,[4] the university campus is approximately 200 acres (0.81 km²) in size, incorporating the York Science Park and the National Science Learning Centre. The University is divided into eight colleges, which resemble a halfway house between halls of residence and the traditional colleges of the collegiate Universities of Oxford, Cambridge and Durham. All students and all Departments are allocated to a college. The University occupies a number of historic buildings within York's city centre as well as its main campus. In May 2007 it gained permission to build an extension to its main campus, on arable land just east of the nearby village of Heslington. The land was removed from the green belt especially for the purpose of extending the University.
History
Origins
It took nearly 350 years of petitions[5] to finally establish the university in York. King James I was petitioned in 1617 for the establishment of a university. In 1903 F. J. Munby and others (including the Yorkshire Philosophical Society) proposed a "Victoria University of Yorkshire",[6] whilst the then College of Ripon and York St John also at one time considered purchasing Heslington Hall as part of a proposed new campus.
Establishment
One of a series of plate glass universities, the University of York was opened in 1963, admitting 200 students. At the time, the University consisted of three buildings, principally the King's Manor (former residence of Thomas Wentworth, and one-time headquarters of the Council of the North) and Heslington Hall (former residence of Thomas Eynns, Secretary and Keeper of the Seal to the Council of the North). A year later, work began on the Heslington Campus (see below), which today forms the main part of the University.
Baron James's cardinal principles
Baron James of Rusholme, the University's first Vice-Chancellor, said of the University of York that:[7]
- It must be collegiate in character.
- It must deliberately seek to limit the number of subjects
- Much of the teaching must be done via tutorials and seminars
List of Chancellors
- George Henry Hubert Lascelles, 7th Earl of Harewood (1962 – 1967)
- Baron Kenneth McKenzie Clark (1967 – 1978)
- Baron Michael Meredith Swann (1979 – 1990)
- Dame Janet Abbott Baker (1991 - 2004)[8]
- Greg Dyke (2004 - Present)[9]
List of Vice-Chancellors
- Eric John Francis James, Baron James of Rusholme (1962 - 1973)
- Dr Morris Carstairs (1973 - 1978)
- Professor Berrick Saul (1979 - 1993)
- Professor Sir Ron Cooke (1993 - 2002)
- Professor Brian Cantor (2002 - Present)[10]
Campus
Heslington campus
In 1964, work began on the campus facilities in the grounds of Heslington Hall. The marshy land was drained, forming the narrow, winding lake which dominates the campus, and extensively landscaped. The original buildings were designed by architect Andrew Derbyshire, and assembled using the CLASP system of prefabricated construction. Scattered around the lake, the buildings are connected by numerous covered walkways and bridges. The Goodricke-Vanburgh and Langwith-Alcuin bridges were forced to close in 2008 for safety reasons.[11] Most of the university's arts departments inhabit the colleges, while many of the science departments have their own buildings.
A major landmark building is Central Hall, a half-octagonal concert hall whose appearance is frequently likened to that of a spaceship.[citation needed] As well as University convocations and examinations, it is used as a venue for theatrical and musical performances, and has played host to George Melly, Jimi Hendrix, Soft Machine, Pink Floyd, and Paul McCartney. Performances by big-name acts have been rarer at the university following a 1985 Boomtown Rats concert, during which the cover of the Central Hall orchestra pit was damaged.[12][13] A ban on pop performances, and in particular dancing, in Central Hall was imposed by the University, although it has occasionally been waived. Central Hall is still used for classical concerts. Public concerts are regularly held in the music department's Sir Jack Lyons Concert Hall, the Rymer Auditorium and in some of the colleges.
The campus lake has attracted a large population of wild and semi-wild waterfowl. These include Greylag, Canada, Barnacle and Snow geese, coots, moorhens and large numbers of ducks, including mallards, Tufted Duck, and Common Pochards. There is also a growing population of Black Swans and a few Great Crested Grebes. The southern end of the lake has been established as a bird sanctuary. Fishing is permitted in season, on purchase of a licence.
The Heslington campus has both indoor and outdoor sports facilities, including an all weather pitch and County standard cricket pitch. A large, tent-like structure allows for indoor sport, gymnastics and dance.
A view of the J. B. Morrell Library, the University's main academic library, north-west from near Langwith College at the Heslington campus
King's Manor
-
Main article: King's Manor
Located in the centre of the city of York, around three miles (5 km) from the main Heslington campus, The King's Manor is home to the Archaeology, Medieval Studies and Eighteenth Century Studies departments and is regularly used by other similar departments such as History. It has a public restaurant and is used for art displays.
Colleges
There are eight colleges at the University of York, and every student and member of staff is a member of a college. All the colleges are of equal status, but each has its own constitution. The day-to-day running of the colleges is managed by an elected committee of staff and student members chaired by the college's Provost. Each college has a Junior Common Room for students, which is managed by the elected Junior Common Room Committee, and a Senior Common Room, which is managed by elected representatives of the college's academic and administrative members. The colleges are deliberately assigned undergraduates, postgraduate students and staff - both male and female - from a wide mixture of disciplines.[14]
By date of construction the colleges are:
- Derwent, after the River Derwent
- Langwith, after Langwith Common and the abandoned village of Langwith
- Alcuin, after Alcuin of York, adviser of Emperor Charlemagne
- Vanbrugh, after architect John Vanbrugh
- Goodricke, after astronomer John Goodricke
- Wentworth, now a postgraduate only college, after Earl Thomas Wentworth
- James, (originally a graduate-only college but first admitted undergraduates in the academic year 1993/94) after Lord James of Rusholme (the University's first Vice Chancellor)
- Halifax, originally Halifax Court, made a college in the academic year 2001/02, after Lord Halifax
(Derwith, a shared residential extension of Derwent and Langwith colleges, was built in about 1988)
Some of the university's academic departments have their headquarters in one of the college building complexes.
There are also several off-campus residences, including Constantine House, 54 Walmgate, and Fairfax House.
The Sunday Times has noted that "The colleges are tight-knit communities within the university and enjoy a healthy rivalry"[15] and, in practice, the colleges share features of the halls of residence of other UK universities as well as the traditional Oxbridge/Durham colleges.
Future expansion
Over the next decade, the University plans to increase student numbers by around 5,000, and to introduce a number of new subjects.[citation needed] The Departments of Law and of Theatre, Film and Television studies are already recruiting students. Pharmacy and Dentistry are planned. These intentions are based upon calculations of expansion of University numbers nationally and a re-targeting of the University's assets. For most of its history, the core strengths of the University were regarded as the technology departments - Physics, Computer Science and Electronics - and the traditional liberal arts - History and English. Successes in cancer research lead to a re-structuring of the Chemistry and Biology departments to bring them closer together, the founding of a Health Sciences department, the establishment of courses in Nursing and Midwifery, and the creation of the Hull York Medical School or HYMS. This entry into medical and health care training has led to a change in the University's priorities.
On the arts side, the University is building upon its reputation for fostering interdisciplinary studies. The Centre for Medieval Studies has been regarded[attribution needed] as at the forefront of combining history, art history, archaeology, literary studies, architectural studies and drama to give a more rounded view of historical events and culture. This model has been successfully replicated with the establishment of the Centre for Eighteenth Century Studies. The opening of the Centre for Renaissance and Early Modern Studies was in 2007, admitting the first postgraduate students in 2008. At the same time, the Department of English and Related Literature intends to expand upon its literary studies by placing more emphasis on creative writing and performance linked to the new Department for Theatre, Film and Television. On 6 November 2007 an Institute for Effective Education was launched, to improve knowledge of teaching and learning processes and promote the most effective.
For a number of years, the University's expansion plans have been limited by planning restrictions on the Heslington campus. The City of York planning conditions stipulate that only 20% of the land may be built upon, to retain its character. The campus is currently at 19.8% of capacity, so the addition of a new Humanities and Education Research Centre is on 'brownfield' land.
In 2003/04, plans were finalised for a new part of the campus, provisionally called Heslington East. This 70 hectare extension is designed to mirror the existing Heslington campus, on land situated between Grimston Bar park and ride car park and Heslington village. This land is currently used for arable farming. A lengthy consultation and planning exercise took place, with a public inquiry into the proposals being held[16] in 2006. The Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government gave the go-ahead in May 2007.[17]
Designs have yet to be finalised for the site and for the new buildings, but the current proposal includes landscaping the whole area, constructing a lake with marsh borders, planting light woodland and many specimen trees, and maximising biodiversity. Several departments are being considered for new, purpose-built facilities on the extension, including Computer Science and Law, and the University's Chancellor Greg Dyke has funded a professorship in the new Department of Theatre, Film and Television. Heslington East will be connected to the other part of the campus site by a network of pathways and light transport links. The University hopes to begin construction in 2008, with the first buildings, including a residential college, coming into use the following year.
Post-nominal abbreviation
The University of York follows the declining tradition of using a shortened version of the Latin name to place after the degree abbreviation. In this case it is Ebor (Eboracensis).
Reputation and academic rankings
The Times University Guide said of York that "The university is increasingly recognised as a permanent fixture in the top rank of British higher education" and that "No university had a better record for teaching quality"[18]. The Sunday Times can be quoted as saying, "York is one of Britain's academic success stories, forging a reputation to rival Oxford and Cambridge in the space of 40 years. In some regards — teaching, for example — it has a recent track record better than that of Oxford, according to the official assessments of teaching quality."[19]
Entry Standards
The latest information for entry standards (gathered from the 2005-2006 academic year by the HESA[20]) show that the average student at the University of York achieved a UCAS tariff of 436[20]. Given that an A at A-Level is equivalent to 120 points[21] the average entrant must be achieving three or more A-Levels at grade A.
When compared to other universities in the United Kingdom, York lists as having the 8th highest entrant grades in the country[22].
Offcial teaching statistics
The last QAA report on the institution gave it the highest praise possible[23] saying that "broad confidence can be placed in the soundness of the University's current and likely future management of the quality of its academic programmes and the academic standards of its awards."[24]
The latest Teaching Quality Assessment data for the University of York is listed below in cases before November 1995 a numerical value is not used. In these cases "Excellent" is the highest possible grade followed by "Satisfactory" and then "Unsatisfactory". Under the newer system the quality of teaching is marked out of 24. 22/24 or higher is equivalent to "Excellent" on the old scale[25][26]
| Department |
Date of Last Assessment |
Result |
| Archaeology |
November 2001 |
24/24 |
| Architecture |
March 1994 |
Excellent |
| Biology |
March 2000 |
24/24 |
| Chemistry |
November 1993 |
Satisfactory |
| Computer Science |
March 1994 |
Excellent |
| Economics |
January 2001 |
24/24 |
| Educational Studies |
October 2001 |
24/24 |
| Electronics |
January 1998 |
24/24 |
| English |
November 1994 |
Excellent |
| Health Sciences (Nursing) |
January 2000 |
21/24 |
| History |
October 1993 |
Excellent |
| History of Art |
May 1998 |
21/24 |
| Language and Linguistic Science |
February 1996 |
22/24 |
| Management |
March 2001 |
22/24 |
| Mathematics |
October 1998 |
22/24 |
| Music |
February 1995 |
Excellent |
| Philosophy |
December 2000 |
24/24 |
| Physics |
November 1999 |
24/24 |
| Politics |
November 2000 |
24/24 |
| Psychology |
February 2000 |
24/24 |
| Social Policy |
February 1995 |
Excellent |
| Social Work |
November 1994 |
Excellent |
| Sociology |
November 1995 |
23/24 |
With twenty of the twenty-three departments given excellent ratings York's teaching is second only to that of the University of Cambridge.[27]
Research assessment
York has an impressive reputation for research with 19 subjects out of the 23 examined receiving a rating of 5 and three 5* (where 1 is the lowest and 5* is the highest possible) ratings in the last Research Assessment Exercise (2001)[28]. Of particular note are the Department of English and Related Literature[29] and the Department of Computer Science[30] and the Department of Psychology[31] which have since received an upgrade from 5* to the 6* grading - reserved for only the best research. Using these statistics, York was named the 6th best research institution in the UK[32].
| Unit of Assessment |
2001 Rating |
| Community-based Clinical Subjects |
5 |
| Nursing |
5 |
| Psychology |
6*[33] |
| Biological Sciences |
5 |
| Chemistry |
5 |
| Physics |
4 |
| Environmental Sciences |
4 |
| Pure Mathematics |
5 |
| Applied Mathematics |
5 |
| Computer Science |
6*[34] |
| Electrical and Electronic Engineering |
3a |
| Economics and Econometrics |
5 |
| Politics and International Studies |
5 |
| Social Policy and Administration |
5 |
| Social Work |
5 |
| Sociology |
5 |
| English Language and Literature |
6*[35] |
| Linguistics |
5 |
| Archaeology |
3a |
| History |
5 |
| Philosophy |
5 |
| Music |
5 |
| Education |
4 |
York is a founder member of the World Universities Network WUN which supports world-wide collaboration in teaching and research. The University has been awarded the Queen's Anniversary Prize three times - in 1997 for the work of the Department of Computer Science; in 2005 for the work of CNAP, the Centre for Novel Agricultural products which explores the potential from the biosphere to reduce the global economy's dependence on fossil reserves and fuel.[36] and in 2007 for the work of the Centre for Health Economics. There are around eight applications for every undergraduate place and a very low dropout rate of 4% (only Oxbridge, Bristol, and UCL are lower).[37]
In 2007 York became the only British University to have an academic department – Chemistry – win the Gold Athena Swan Award for its commitment to the careers of women in science. The Department of Psychology has won a Silver Athena Swan Award, the first in the country to do so, Biology also has silver, and the University as a whole holds the Athena Swan bronze award.[38]
League tables
Though frequently ranked among the top ten universities, York has suffered a drop in its ranking in recent years, falling out of the top ten in the Times University Guide in 2007, and 2008. It should be noted that the drop coincides with the decision of major papers - such as the Times - to no longer include 'Teaching Quality' as a criterion[39], as they once did[40]. The last time teaching was used as a criterion, York was ranked as 7th by the Times[41]. The Telegraph newspaper has also stopped using teaching quality as a determining factor[42]. The Guardian has made the decision to drop the proportion of the marks coming from teaching quality from 40%[43] to 10%[44].
The Sunday Times still employs the quality of teaching as one of its criteria for ranking and the university achieved 8th place using similar criteria, otherwise, to the Times[45].
The Sunday Times released averages of all its tables over 10 years, ranking York as 6th in the country from 1998 - 2007[60]. In 2000 the Sutton Trust named York as a leading university in the UK, placing it 6th overall.[61]
In 2003 The Sunday Times named it "University of the Year". In 2007 the Sunday Times ranked York 8th in its overall university league tables. In November 2007 the QS-Times Higher Education Supplement ranked York 74th in the world, a rise of 50 places from 2006. It is also frequently at the top of subject specific league tables ( eg Medicine, Politics, Philosophy, Economics, Chemistry...).
List of academic departments
- Department of Archaeology:-
- Head of department: Prof. Julian D. Richards, MA(Cantab), PhD(CNAA), FSA, MIFA.
- Location: King's Manor
- Department of Biology:-
- Head of department: Prof. Dale Sanders FRS
- Location: Biology, Heslington Campus
- Department of Chemistry:-
- Head of department: Prof. Paul Walton
- Location: Chemistry, Heslington Campus
- Department of Computer Science:-
- Head of department: Prof. John McDermid, MA(Cantab), PhD(Bham), FREng, CEng, CITP, FBCS, FIEE, FRAeS, ITLM, MIoD
- Location: Computer Science, Heslington Campus
- Department of Economics and Related Studies:-
- Head of department: Prof. Peter J. Simmons, BA(Exeter), MSc(LSE), PhD(Soton)
- Location: Alcuin College, Heslington Campus
- Educational Studies:-
- Head of department: Prof. Judith Bennett, BA, PCCE(York), MA, PhD(KCL)
- Location: Langwith College, Heslington Campus
- Department of Electronics:-
- Head of department: Prof. John A. Robinson, PhD, PEng, CEng
- Location: Physics & Electronics, Heslington Campus
- Department of English and Related Literature:-
- Head of department: Prof. David Attwell, BA(Natal), MA(Cape Town), PhD(Texas)
- Location: Langwith College, Heslington Campus
- Environment Department:-
- Head of department: Prof. Dave Raffaelli, BSc(Leeds), PhD(Wales)
- Location: Environment Department(?), Heslington Campus
- Department of Health Sciences:-
- Head of department: Prof. Christine Godfrey
- Location: Health Centre, Heslington Campus
- Department of History:-
- Head of department: Prof. Miles Taylor, BA, PhD(Cantab), FRHS
- Location: Vanbrugh College, Heslington Campus
- Department of History of Art:-
- Head of department: Prof. Mark Hallett, BA(Cantab), MA, PhD(Courtauld Institute, London)
- Location: Vanbrugh College, Heslington Campus
- Department of Language and Linguistic Science:-
- Head of department: Susan Pintzuk, BA, PhD(Pennsylvania)
- Location: Heslington Campus
- York Law School:-
- Head of department:
- Location: Sally Baldwin Buildings D Block, Heslington Campus (temporary placement, to be moved to Heslington East on completion)
- The York Management School:-
- Head of department: Prof. John S. Toms MA(Oxon), MBA, PhD(Nottingham), ACA, PGCE
- Location: Heslington Campus
- Mathematics:-
- Head of department: Prof. Stephen Donkin, MA(Oxon), MSc, PhD(Warwick)
- Location: Goodricke College, Heslington Campus
- Hull-York Medical School:-
- Head of department: Prof. Ian Greer MD, FRCP(Glas), FRCPE, FRCP, FRCPI, FRCOG, FMedSci
- Location: HYMS, Heslington Campus (University of Hull)
- Department of Music:-
- Head of department: Prof. William Brooks BA(Wesleyan), MA, D.M.A.(Illinois)
- Location: Derwent College, Heslington Campus
- Department of Philosophy:-
- Head of department: Prof. Tom Stoneham, MA(Oxon), MPhil, PhD(London)
- Location: Derwent College, Heslington Campus
- Department of Physics:-
- Head of department: Prof. Brian Fulton, BSc, PhD(Birmingham), CPhys, FInstP
- Location: Physics & Electronics, Heslington Campus
- Department of Politics:-
- Head of department: Prof. BSc, PhD(LSE)
- Location: Derwent College, Heslington Campus
- School of Politics, Economics and Philosophy:-
- Head of Department: Prof. M. Qizilbash BA(Cantab) MPhil, DPhil (Oxon)
- Location: Derwent College, Heslington Campus
- Department of Psychology:-
- Head of Department: Prof. Graham Hitch BA, MA(Cantab), MSc(Sussex), PhD(Cantab), CPsychol
- Location: Psychology, Heslington Campus
- Department of Social Policy and Social Work:-
- Head of Department: Prof. Mary Maynard BA, MA(York), PGCE(London)
- Location: Alcuin College, Heslington Campus
- Department of Sociology:-
- Head of Department: Prof. Andrew Webster BSc(London South Bank University), D.Phil(York)
- Location: Wentworth College, Heslington Campus
- Department of Theatre, Film and Television:-
- Head of Department: Prof. Andrew Tudor, BA(Leeds)
- Location: Heslington Campus
The campus is also home to the National Science Learning Centre. Opened in March 2006 by Tony Blair, the Prime Minister, it serves as the hub for a £51 million national network of Centres dedicated to revitalising science teaching in schools. It is operated by the White Rose University Consortium (which comprises the Universities of Leeds, Sheffield and York) together with Sheffield Hallam University.
Student activities
University Radio York (URY), the student radio station, is the oldest independent radio station in the United Kingdom, and winner of the Student Radio Awards Best Station Award 2005. Nouse, the oldest student newspaper on Campus, was established in 1964 and was 2005 NUS/Mirror Student paper of the year; its rival newspaper, Vision, was named Guardian Student Newspaper of the Year for three consecutive years between 2002 and 2004 - the only time this has occurred in the 27-year history of the prestigious awards, and won it again in 2007[62]. It also won Best Small Budget Publication at the 2006 NUS/Mirror National Student Media Awards. The Yorker is a rapidly growing online publication setup in 2007 and was nominated for the Guardian Student media awards[63] after running for only a few months. There also exists student television station YSTV founded in 1967. The University of York Filmmaking Society is a student-run film-making group: since 1999 its members have made two feature films and many shorts, some of which have been shown at national film festivals. York Student Cinema, operating since the late 1960s, show around 30 films a term using a professional 35mm projector and a full size cinemascope screen in one of the largest rooms on campus.
The University of York Music Society and The University of York DramaSoc are two of the largest student societies on campus; the former collaborate with the Central Hall Musical Society in staging an annual musical. Other performing societies include the Gilbert and Sullivan Society, and Pantsoc who stage the annual student pantomime. Experiments with an outdoor summer pantomime are also underway. FUSION was recently founded to promote the ever-growing urban music scene and to raise money for charity. In 2004 a student at the univerity established York Carnival- a day celebrating music and the arts in the centre of York. Its original aim was to encourage links between the University of York and the residents of the historic city and to encourage participation in the arts. It has grown in to a large annual event, attracting crowds of up to 5,000[64].
The York Union Society is the University of York's debating union, which competes in intervarsity tournaments against other universities.
Each College has its own JCRC or students' association which provides a variety of services, including college events, student welfare services; they also organise the Freshers' Fortnight activities in their College. The university students' union is called York University Students' Union (YUSU), the membership of which is currently almost the entire student population. YUSU has just elected a Pirate named "Mad Cap'n Tom" who was voted in as Student's Union President on 7th March 2008[65]. This has caused some debate and controversy as to whether the student's union can be taken seriously or if student's are too disillusioned with politics to vote for serious candidates.
Every summer term the students take part in the Roses Tournament, a sports competition against Lancaster University. The venue of the event alternates each year between York and Lancaster.
Despite lacking a central students' union social facility, there are college bars on the Heslington campus, and the city has numerous nightclubs and pubs.
Notable alumni
- Haleh Afshar, Baroness Afshar, cross-bench peer[66]
- Daron Acemoglu, economist[67]
- Kerry Andrew, composer and singer (Juice)[68]
- Rollo Armstrong, musician (Faithless)[69]
- Tony Banks, Baron Stratford (1943-2006), MP[70]
- Hugh Bayley, MP
- Steve Beresford, musician
- Tanya Byron, TV child psychologist
- James Callis, actor
- Aníbal Cavaco Silva, 11th Prime Minister and 21st President of Portugal
- Jung Chang, writer and historian
- Myrna Combellack, writer, translator and academic
- Richard Coyle, actor
- Chris d'Lacey, children's author
- Helen Dunmore, writer
- Greg Dyke, former Director General of the BBC
- Bryan Elsley, creator of Skins
- Harry Enfield, comedian
- Paul Goodman, MP
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- Linda Grant, novelist, journalist
- Christine Hamilton, television personality
- Fabian Hamilton, MP
- Han Seung-soo, 39th Prime Minister of South Korea
- Harriet Harman, MP and Cabinet minister
- Jonty Harrison, composer
- Adam Hart-Davis, television producer and presenter
- Peter Hitchens, journalist
- Patrick Holford, nutrition expert
- Anthony Horowitz, writer
- Oona King, ex-MP
- Panayiotis Kokoras, composer
- Mark Laity, NATO spokesman, former BBC news reporter
- Carol Leader, actor
- Victor Lewis-Smith, comedian and writer
- Tim Liardet, poet
- Peter Lord, Oscar-nominated director of Aardman Animations
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- Gordon McPherson, composer
- Dominic Muldowney, composer
- Greg Mulholland, MP
- Meg Munn, MP
- Albert Owen, MP
- Alvin Pang, poet
- Lance Parkin, writer
- Peter Robinson, poet
- Justina Robson, science fiction author
- Mark Russell, composer and radio presenter
- Verity Sharp, Radio 3 and The Culture Show presenter
- Jonathan Stroud, author
- Graham Swift, author
- Simon Webb, composer
- Trevor Wishart, composer
- John Witherow, newspaper editor (Sunday Times)
- Tony Worthington, MP
- Sir Colville Norbert Young, Governor-General of Belize
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External links
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Colleges of the University of York |
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Coordinates: 53.9456° N 1.0579° Wde:Universität York fr:Université de York ja:ヨーク大学 pt:Universidade de York tg:Донишгоҳи Ёрк
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